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RES 102: Chapter 4

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Where did the term "Hindu" originate? Before the 19th century, the word "Hindu" was primarily used by ancient Persians to describe the people who lived beyond the Indus River. The term "Hindu" or "Indu" became a territorial, racial, social, and cultural designation for the people of India.
Who is Ganesha? An elephant god that symbolizes beginnings; there is a ten-day festival called Ganesh Chaturthi celebrated across India in honor of their birthday
What are core concepts that almost every Hindu believes in spite of the religion's diversity? The law of karma, which determines the nature of one's incarnations in samsara, the continuing cycle of death and rebirth. At the end of the cycle is moksha, or liberation, the final release from samsara.
What is the difference between Brahman and Brahmin? Brahman: in Hinduism, the divine, supreme reality, the source of all being and all knowing; associated with monistic Hindus Brahmin: a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood
What are dualistic Hindus referring to when they use "God?" They use "God" to devote a universal being that encompasses all the various deities worshipped in Hinduism. When they refer to a particular deity, they use a specific name, like Krishna or Shiva.
What does a passage from the Upanishads (a collection of early philosophical texts) say about gods? Initially, a sage says there are "303, and 303," but upon reflection, he ultimately concludes that there is only one. The sage then explains that the powers of the divine manifest as countless deities.
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