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Body Structures
Body Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomical Terms | The terms used in the study of anatomy relate to the body in its anatomical position |
| anatomical position | n this position, the body is standing erect, with the face forward, the arms at the sides, and the toes and palms of the hands facing forward |
| Anatomy | the study of body structures |
| isotonic solution | The solution of 0.09% NaCl (sodium chloride or salt) and water which makes up all the entire body’s cells |
| Cells | he basic functional unit of body structure is the cell. |
| physiology | the study of how the body structures work. |
| The cell membrane | The cell membrane is the outer covering that encloses the cell and helps it hold its shape. The cell membrane also controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| nucleus | The nucleus—the control centre of the cell—directs the cell’s activities and contains the cell’s chromosomes (DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| cytoplasm | The cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid that supports the cell’s internal structures, including the nucleus. |
| organelles | There are small structures within the cell’s cytoplasm called organelles, which work together to perform cell functions. |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures within the nucleus that carry the cell’s “instructions” that direct all cell processes. Each cell has 46 chromosomes |
| genes | Genes determine the physical and chemical traits inherited by children from their parents. Inherited traits include height, eye colour, skin colour, and many other characteristics. |
| Tissues | he cells are the body’s building blocks. Tissue is a group of cells that are similar to each other in structure and function. The body has four basic types of tissue: |
| Epithelial tissue | Epithelial tissue covers internal and external body surfaces. |
| squamous cell | thin and flat, like fish scales |
| cuboidal cell | cube-shaped, like dice |
| columnar cell | tall and narrow, like columns |
| Secretion | the release of a substance either into or out of the body after normal body functions |
| Epithelial tissue has no blood supply | Epithelial tissue has no blood supply of its own, so it depends on the blood supply of the underlying connective tissue for nourishment |
| sensory cells | Epithelial tissue does contain sensory cells, so it is able to perceive sensations such as pain and pressure |
| Connective tissue | anchors, connects, and supports other body tissues. Connective tissue is found in every part of the body. |
| Adipose tissue (fat) | supplies energy to surrounding cells, aids in body temperature regulation, and acts both as a cushion and a support to surrounding structures |
| Dense fibrous tissue | connective tissue, such as tendons (which attach muscles to bones) and ligaments (which connect bones and support joints) |
| Cartilage connective tissue | supports, protects, and cushions joints and provides framework |
| Bone tissue | can protect organs such as the brain and supports the weight of the body for moving |
| Blood tissue | transports nutrients, hormones, and respiratory gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and waste materials |
| Muscle tissue | responsible for almost all body movements through contraction. |
| Nerve tissue | the major tissue of the nervous system. It is the main component of the brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves in the body. It is responsible for relaying information to and from the brain and throughout the body. |
| Organs | structures made of different tissues that are arranged to perform a specialized function. An organ performs one or more functions. Examples of organs are the heart, brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys |
| Body Cavities | The two major cavities where organs are located are the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity |
| Organ systems | formed by organs that work together to perform special functions |
| Homeostasis | is a steady state or stable internal environment maintained when all of the organ systems in the human body work together. |
| nonspecific immunity | The body’s reaction to anything it does not recognize as a normal body substance. |
| passive immunity | A short-lived immunity passed from mother to fetus through the placenta and from the mother to the baby through breast milk. |
| venules | The smallest form of veins. The venules drain blood from the capillaries and come together to form the veins. |
Created by:
ReneeStewart
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