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structural meanings
Cardio vascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the cardiovascular system | is the body's delivery system: Body system that includes the heart and blood vessels; circulatory system. |
| heart | pumps blood through tubular passages called blood vessels to all the cells in the body: Muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and sends it into the arteries. |
| blood | Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body (arteries, veins, capillaries); delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body’s cells. |
| blood vessels | Any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system through which blood travels. |
| pericardium | protective covering of the heart, covers the pericardial cavity which holds pericardial fluid for lubricant of the membranes of the heart |
| Epicardium / visceral pericardium | inner layer of the pericardium |
| parietal pericardium | outermost layer of the pericardium |
| myocardium | a thick Muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium. second layer |
| endocardium | Membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue. |
| heart | has 2 sides : left and right; each side pumps blood to a specific area of the body: |
| heart | each side has 2 chambers: ventricles and atriums |
| right atrium: | the upper right chamber of the heart |
| right ventricle: | the lower right chamber of the heart |
| left atrium: | the upper left chamber of the heart |
| left ventricle: | the lower left chamber of the heart |
| septum | Partition between the left and right chambers of the heart. 2. Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum. |
| atria | Either of the two upper chambers of the heart. |
| atrium | Either of the two upper chambers of the heart. |
| ventricles | Either of the two lower chambers of the heart. 2. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| valves | Any of various structures that allow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward. |
| arteries | thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. |
| veins | Any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein. |
| endothelium | Lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood. |
| lumen | Channel inside an artery through which blood flows. which secretes enzymes and other substances into the blood. |
| atrioventricular valve | One of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles. controls the circulation within the heart |
| tricuspid valve: 3 valves | Atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart. |
| bicuspid valve: / mitral valve 2 valves | Atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart |
| mitral valve | controls the flow od blood between the ventricles and the atria |
| fibrous skeleton | fibrous rings to which the heart valves are attached |
| semilunar valves | One of the two valves that prevent the backflow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery. |
| pulmonary valves | Valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries. |
| aortic valve | Valve between the aorta and the left ventricle. |
| coronary circulation | Flow of blood within the heart. |
| pulmonary circulation | Flow of blood within the heart and the lungs |
| systemic circulation | Flow of blood within the heart and the cells of the body |
| arteries and veins | are the vessels that carry blood throughout the body |
| coronary arteries | Blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Pumps about 100 gallons of blood a day to the heart |
| aorta | Largest artery of the body; artery through which blood exits the heart. |
| aortic semilunar | controls the blood flow to the heart muscle |
| pulmonary artery | One of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs. |
| pulmonary veins | One of four veins that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
| pulse | Rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery. |
| carotid artery | Artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck. |
| femoral artery | An artery that supplies blood to the thigh. |
| popliteal artery | An artery that supplies blood to the thigh. |
| arterioles | A tiny artery connecting to a capillary. |
| carbon dioxide | Waste material transported in the venous blood. |
| capillaries | A tiny blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels. |
| venules | A tiny vein connecting to a capillary. |
| saphenous veins | Any of a group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs. |
| superior vena cava | Large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart. |
| inferior vena cava | Large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium. |
| venae cavae | Large vein that brings blood to the right atrium of the heart. |
| heart | is the body's main pump; sending blood to sustain all parts of the body; surprisingly small and the size of the an adult fist. the heart has 2 sides, although not symmetrical in size. |
| SA node | fires 60-100 impulses a minute; located in the right atrium; known as the heart's pacemaker |
| AVE nodes | fires 40-60 impulses a minute; the fastest impulse determines the heart rate |
| blood pressure | measures the pressure of blood within the arteries; it provides information about the pressure within the heart, before and after the heart contracts; force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries |
| the conduction system of the heart | controls electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract: for most people, the impulse starts in the SA node; |
| conduction system | part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals. |
| systole | Contraction phase of the heartbeat. |
| diastole | Relaxation phase of a heartbeat. |
| pacemaker | Term for the sinoatrial (SA) node; also an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm. |
| polarization | Resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart. |
| myocardium | where the heart contractions take place |
| depolarization | Contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart’s conduction system. |
| repolarization | Recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart. |
| atrioventricular node | Specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His. |
| atrioventricular bundle | Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system; also called bundle of His. |
| bundle of his | Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system. |
| Purkinje fibers | Specialized fibers that conduct the impulses. |
| cardiac cycle | Repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs. |
| sinus rhythm | Normal heart rhythm. |
| blood pressure ranges | 120/80= normal, 120/90=elevated |
| high blood pressure stage 1 | systolic =130-139 or diastolic 80-89 |
| high blood pressure stage 2 | systolic= 140 or higher or diastolic 90 or higher |
| hypertensive crisis | systolic= 180 or higher or diastolic 120 or higher |
| Fetal heart =foramen ovale | allows blood to enter left atrium from right atrium: it is one of 2 shunts; closes after 1 year of birth |
| ductus arteriosus | allows blood entering the right atrium and bypassing the pulmonary circulation |
| Fetal circulation | is the circulatory system of an unborn child; it includes the umbilical cord and blood vessels with in the placenta |
| ductus venous | Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetal pulmonary circulation: connection from umbilical vein to the fetuses inferior vena cava |
| fetal blood | is transported back and forth to the placenta where deoxygenated blood is oxygenated then returned back to the fetus |
Created by:
Edunham
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