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building vocabulary
Chapter 7 : Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| crani/o | cranium |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gangli/o | ganglion |
| gli/o | neuroglia |
| mening/o | meninges |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| spin/o | spine |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| vag/o | vagus nerve |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| `PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| SCI | spinal cord injury |
| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| vagotomy | surgical removal of the vagus nerve |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| ganglia form | having a shape of a ganglion |
| ventriculitis | inflammation of the ventricles of the brain |
| meningocele | protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin |
| cephalgia | head ache/ head pain |
| thalamotomy | cutting into the thalamus |
| gliomatosis | abnormal growth of the neuroglia in the brain or spinal cord |
| myelomalacia | softening of the spinal cord |
| neuritis | inflammation of the nerve |
| cranio-facial | relating to the face and cranium |
| nervous system | directs the function of all of the human body systems: controls every activity, voluntary or involuntary |
| nervous system | has 2 sub categories: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | controls peripheral nerves: network of nerves that branch off of the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | has 2 sub categories: somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| autonomic nervous system | part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to the glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and various membranes : stimulating secretions |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system: it operates when the body is under stress , ( a fight or flight mode ) |
| somatic nervous system | receive and process sensory input from different parts of the body, skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose, and ears. They also excite the voluntary contractions of the skeletal muscles. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state ( homeostasis ) |
| central nervous system | controls sense, brain, and spinal cord. Receives an impulse, process the information and respond with an appropriate action |
| central nervous system | controls sense, brain, and spinal cord. Receives an impulse, process the information and respond with an appropriate action |
| brain | weighs about 3 pounds and is 85% water and consistency of gelatin. Body organ responsible for controlling the body's functions and interactions with outside stimuli |
| central nervous system | controls sense, brain, and spinal cord. Receives an impulse, process the information and respond with an appropriate action |
| central nervous system | controls sense, brain, and spinal cord. Receives an impulse, process the information and respond with an appropriate action |
| cerebellum | controls movement and balance: One of the four major divisions of the brain: divisions that coordinates musculoskeletal movement. |
| brain | weighs about 3 pounds and is 85% water and consistency of gelatin. Body organ responsible for controlling the body's functions and interactions with outside stimuli |
| brainstem | controls vital functions like breathing |
| central nervous system | controls sense, brain, and spinal cord. Receives an impulse, process the information and respond with an appropriate action |
| brain | weighs about 3 pounds and is 85% water and consistency of gelatin. Body organ responsible for controlling the body's functions and interactions with outside stimuli |
| mid brain | brainstem involved with visual reflexes |
| brain | weighs about 3 pounds and is 85% water and consistency of gelatin. Body organ responsible for controlling the body's functions and interactions with outside stimuli |
| cerebellum | controls movement and balance: One of the four major divisions of the brain: divisions that coordinates musculoskeletal movement. |
| brainstem | controls vital functions like breathing |
| cerebrum | controls thinking, memory, and voluntary actions |
| cerebrum | controls thinking, memory, and voluntary actions |
| brainstem | controls vital functions like breathing |
| cerebellum | controls movement and balance: One of the four major divisions of the brain: divisions that coordinates musculoskeletal movement. |
| mid brain | brainstem involved with visual reflexes |
| medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, cough, and sneezing |
| cranium | ( skull ) bony structure that the brain sits in |
| fissure | deep slit in the skin: ( as in bone ) one of many indentations of the cerebrum; Sulcus |
| pons | part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions |
| convolutions | folds in the cerebral cortex; Gyri |
| cerebrum | is the largest area of the brain, taking up about 85% of it's mass |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of the cerebrum |
| cerebellum | controls movement and balance: One of the four major divisions of the brain: divisions that coordinates musculoskeletal movement. |
| fissure | deep slit in the skin: ( as in bone ) one of many indentations of the cerebrum; Sulcus |
| cerebrum | controls thinking, memory, and voluntary actions |
| mid brain | brainstem involved with visual reflexes |
| cerebrum | controls thinking, memory, and voluntary actions |
| cranium | ( skull ) bony structure that the brain sits in |
| mid brain | brainstem involved with visual reflexes |
| pons | part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions |
| cranium | ( skull ) bony structure that the brain sits in |
| basal ganglia | gray matter within the cerebrum |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of the cerebrum |
| medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, cough, and sneezing |
| pons | part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions |
| fissure | deep slit in the skin: ( as in bone ) one of many indentations of the cerebrum; Sulcus |
| cerebrum | is the largest area of the brain, taking up about 85% of it's mass |
| basal ganglia | gray matter within the cerebrum |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of the cerebrum |
| arachnoid | |
| basal ganglia | gray matter within the cerebrum |
| arachnoid | |
| medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, cough, and sneezing |
| fissure | deep slit in the skin: ( as in bone ) one of many indentations of the cerebrum; Sulcus |
| convolutions | folds in the cerebral cortex; Gyri |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of the cerebrum |
| basal ganglia | gray matter within the cerebrum |
| arachnoid | the middle layer; a weblike structure that runs across the space called the subdural space; containing cerebrospinal fluid |
| pia mater | innermost layer of meninges ( tender mother) is a thin membrane containing many blood vessels that nourish the spinal cord |
| epidural | area between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord |
| subdural space | area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs |
| epidural space | the space between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord. contains blood vessels and some fat. Space where anesthetics may be injected to dull pain, or used as contrast for certain diagnostic procedures |
| dura mater | outermost layer of the meninges ( hard mother ) Tough, fibrous tissue/ membrane that covers all of the spinal cord contains channels for the blood to enter brain tissue |
| spinal cord | extends from the occipital bone to the space between 1st and 2nd lumbar ( foramen magnum ) Conducts sensory impulses to the brain, conduct motor impulses from the brain and certain reflexes. Meninges covers the brain and spinal cord. rope-like tissue |
| frontal lobe | one of the 4 parts of each hemispheres of the cerebrum. Planning, problem, decision making, movement; controls voluntary movement. Language: production of speech. ( bocas area) personality and self control: self awareness, attention |
| parietal lobe | one of the 4 parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum ( sits above temporal lobe, behind frontal lobe) sensory intergration spatial orientation, and language and perception |
| temporal lobe | one of the 4 parts of each of the hemisphere of the cerebrum. Helps with sounds, plays key role in creativity and retrieving new l long term memories. Language, object recognition |
| occipital | one of the 4 parts of hemispheres: controls vision, visual context, image recognition |
| corpus collosum | bridge of the nerve fibers that connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum |
| gyri | folds in the cerebral cortex |
| ventricles | either of the 2 lower chambers of the heart. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid |
| cerebrolspinal fluid (CFS) | watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord |
| diencephalon | one of the 4 major structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus |
| thalamus | one of the 4 parts of the diencephalon; senses as a sensory relay system |
| hypothalamus | one of the 4 parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station; gland in nervous system that releases hormones t aid in the regulatory pituitary hormones |
| epithalamus | one of the 4 parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station |
| ventral thalamus | one of the 4 parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station |
| meninges | the brain is protected by the meninges, which consists of 3 layers. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, covers the spinal cord |
| spinal bifida cystica | it is a meningomyelocele a protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin |
| spinal bifida | congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column |
| demyelination | destruction of the myelin sheath. Particularly in the multiple sclerosis |
| nerves | bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body |
| conductivity | ability to transmit to a signal |
| excitability | ability to responds to stimuli |
| synapse | space over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another |
| myelin sheath | a fatty substance / tissue that covers the axons |
| dendrites | a thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body |
| cell body | part of a nerve cell that has branches of fibers that reach out to send or receive impulses |
| cranial nerves (n any 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain) | olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, Vagus, accessory ( cranial/ spinal, and hypoglossal |
| spinal nerve divisions | cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal, cervical nerves: C1-C8, thoracic nerves: T1-T12, lumbar nerves: L1-L5, sacral nerves: S1-S5, coccygeal nerve: C0 |
| efferent ( motor ) neurons | neuron that carries information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system |
| afferent ( sensory ) neurons | neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system |
| acetylcholine | chemical that stimulates cells |
| norepinephrine | hormone produced in response to stress |
| receptor | tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses ; part of a target cell with properties compatible with a particular substance |
| nerve impulse | released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response |
| nerve body network | axon: nerve ending, covering: myelin sheath, fascicle, blood vessels |
| interneurons | neuron that carries and processes sensory information |
| neurotransmitter | various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon |
| terminal end fibers | group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron |
| nerve cell neuron | basic cell of the nervous system has 3 parts: cell body, dendrite, axon; neuron, varies in shapes and size and and function |
| axon | part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body` |
| coma | abnormally deep sleep with little or more response to stimuli |
| blood brain barrier | protects the brain from most infectious diseases |
| concussion | brain injury due to trauma |
| brain contusion | bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration |
| meningocele | in spina bifida cystica, protrusion meninges above the surface of the skin |
| meningomyelocele | in a s pina bifida cystica , a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin |
| tay sachs disease | hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system, and eventually death |
| hydrocephalus | overproduction of fluid in the brain |
| subdural hematoma | is a tumorlike collection of blood , often caused by trauma |
| spina bifida occulta | a covered lesion of the vertebra ( can be seen by x-ray ) |
| contusion | bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration |
| multiple sclerosis | degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis |
| gait | manner of walking |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation, such as tingling |
| chorea | hereditary disorder with uncomfortable, jerking movement |
| huntington chorea/ disease | characterized by jerking, uncontrollable movement of limbs, trunk, face, loss of mental abilities |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| mye/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| neur/o, neuri | nerve |
| spin/o | spine |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| vag/o | vagus nerve |
| ventiricul/o | venticle |
Created by:
Edunham
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