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Body structure and o
Body structure and organization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | , the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body |
| Cell membrane | The outer covering of the cell |
| Nucleus | The central portion of the cell and directs all cell activities |
| Cytoplasm | The substance surrounding the nucleus that instructs cell to perform various essential tasks |
| Tissue | Group of cells with specialized functions |
| Muscle | Tissue is able to contract and expand slowing the body to move |
| Connective | The fibrous substance that holds and connect body parts together |
| Nerve | Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all of the body |
| Epithelial | Tissue that covers the internal and external body surface s |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| System | Group of organs all work together for a common purpose |
| Integumentary | System consist so the skin and accessory structure derived from it ( hair, nails, sweat glands , oil glands) |
| Musculoskeletal | System that supports the body. Protects organs, protects body movement and includes muscle, bones, and cartilage cardiovascular |
| Cardiovascular | System includes heart and blood vessels, which pump and transport blood throughout the body, carrying nutrients to and removing waste from tissue |
| Respiratory | The body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing |
| Cell | , the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body |
| Cell | , the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body |
| Cell membrane | The outer covering of the cell |
| Cell membrane | The outer covering of the cell |
| Nucleus | The central portion of the cell and directs all cell activities |
| Nucleus | The central portion of the cell and directs all cell activities |
| Cytoplasm | The substance surrounding the nucleus that instructs cell to perform various essential tasks |
| Cytoplasm | The substance surrounding the nucleus that instructs cell to perform various essential tasks |
| Tissue | Group of cells with specialized functions |
| Muscle | Tissue is able to contract and expand slowing the body to move |
| Muscle | Tissue is able to contract and expand slowing the body to move |
| Connective | The fibrous substance that holds and connect body parts together |
| Connective | The fibrous substance that holds and connect body parts together |
| Nerve | Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all of the body |
| Epithelial | Tissue that covers the internal and external body surface s |
| Nerve | Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all of the body |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| Epithelial | Tissue that covers the internal and external body surface s |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| System | Group of organs all work together for a common purpose |
| Integumentary | System consist so the skin and accessory structure derived from it ( hair, nails, sweat glands , oil glands) |
| Nervous | System that regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs. ( brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves |
| Urinary | Eliminates metabolic waste, helps to maintain acid-base and water-salt balance, and helps regulate blood pressure (kidneys, urethra , ureters, and bladder) |
| Musculoskeletal | System that supports the body. Protects organs, protects body movement and includes muscle, bones, and cartilage cardiovascular |
| Reproductive | System that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female |
| Cardiovascular | System includes heart and blood vessels, which pump and transport blood throughout the body, carrying nutrients to and removing waste from tissue |
| Respiratory | The body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing |
| blood | system includes blood and all its components |
| lymphatic | a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that transport fluid, fats, proteins, and lymphocytes to the bloodstream as lymph, and remove microorganisms and other debris from tissues. |
| immune | The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone |
| Digestive | The organs that digest and excrete waste |
| Endocrine | System that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body's activities |
| Sensory | System covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reaction of the five senses |
| Body cavities | the spaces that hold organs. |
| Dorsal and Ventral | two main cavities |
| The dorsal cavity holds the cranial and spinal cavity | Back |
| cranial cavity | holds the brain |
| spinal cavity | holds the spinal cord |
| Ventral | on the front side of body, divided into thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity |
| Thoracic cavity | holds the heart, lungs,, and major blood vessels |
| Abdominal cavity | holds the organs of the digestive and urinary system |
| pelvic | the bottom portion of the abdominal cavity, contains the reproductive system |
| diaphragm | is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| anterior | front side |
| ventral | front side |
| posterior | back side |
| dorsal | back side |
| inferior | below another structure |
| superior | above another structure |
| lateral | to the side |
| medial | middle |
| deep | through or away from the surface |
| superficial | near the surface |
| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk |
| distal | away from the point of attachment to the trunk |
| supine | laying on your back on their spine facing upwards |
| prone | lying on their abdomen with their face down |
| plane | refers to the body when it is vertical and facing front |
| frontal | The imaginary line that divides the body anterior position |
| coronal | The imaginary line that divides the body posterior position |
| midsagittal | the imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left half |
| transverse (cross sectional) | imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally and divides the body into upper and lower section |
| sagittal or lateral plane | is parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into left and right section |
| Right upper quadrant (RUQ) | the area of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tracts is the |
| Left lower quadrant LLQ) | is the abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and part of reproductive organs in females |
| Left upper quadrant (LUQ) | the area of abdomen that contains the stomach, spleens, and and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines |
| Right lower quadrant (RLQ) | is the abdominal area that contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and part of the reproductive organs in female |
| lumbar | The left and right regions of the body in the back and side between the lowest ribs and the pelvis a |
| iliac or inguinal | regions are the two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone |
| epigastric | the area above the stomach |
| hypogastric | the area just below the umbilical region |
| umbilical | the area surrounding the navel |
| hypochondriac | the two regions just below the cartilage of the rib, immediately ove the abdomen |
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