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Renaissance and Ref.
Renaissance, Ref. Protestant Ref.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the word Renaissance mean? | a revival of or renewed interest of something. Ex- Europeans renewed interest of classical Greece and Rome |
| Why did the Renaissance movement begin in Italy? | The Renaissance movement began in Italy b/c it was closest to the ottomans and they interacted heavily with them. Italy also developed a lot of wealth due to trade to fund the ideas of the Renaissance |
| Cause and effects of the Renaissance | Cause: increased interactions with Arabs Effects: Renaissance, humanism, Protestant Ref. |
| What impact did the Renaissance have on city-states? | It gave city-states more power |
| How did mapping and navigation change during the Renaissance? | Maps became more geographically accurate and less religiously oriented |
| What is the printing press? | a machine that mass prints texts |
| Who created the printing press? | Johannes Gutenberg |
| What effect did the printing press have on Europe? | It helped expand humanism and the progression of ideas throughout the Renaissance. Ex.- people could learn to read after the printing press b/c books were less expensive |
| Describe the political powers that existed during the Renaissance. | Less feudalistic systems to more centralized governments and city-states Ex.-England, France, Spain (powerful monarchies) and the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottomans |
| What is humanism? | an intellectual movement/philosophy on self worth, dignity and humans (developing humans) |
| How did art work change during the Renaissance? | art work became very focuses on details, a lot of human anatomy, realism, classical revival from Roman works |
| Define the word secular and its importance during the Renaissance | Secular- not religious based, seperation of the Church and state powers; It was a major defining point during the Renaissance for religion. Ex- Protestant Ref.- Divide of the Catholic church and undermined a lot of the Catholic Clergy's authority |
| How did the Islamic world impact the Renaissance? | The islamic world is what sparked the Renaissance w/ their knowledge and understanding of ancient Roman and Europeans which were involved with much of the Renaissance |
| Causes of the Protestant Ref. | People like Martin Luther, John Calvin, Erasmus, for wanting a non-corrupt Catholic Church, the enlightenment of common folk through humanistic ideas |
| Who is Martin Luther? | He "started" the Protestant Ref. b/c he wanted the Catholic church to be clean and honest. |
| What were Martin Luther's ideas on salvation? | He believed that salvation can't be bought and it simply cleared consciences not sins. |
| What are indulgences? | Churches sold indulgences as a token of salvation |
| What are the 95 theses and their impacts? | They were wrote to "call out " the Catholic Church about selling indulgences which caused a lot of tension between the church and Luther. It also enlightened many people as their minds grew |
| Who is John Calvin? | Leader of Protestantism in Switzerland; he believed salvation could only by determined by god by faith alone |
| What are the lasting impacts of the Tudor Dynasty? | it shaped England's religion, economy, landscape, and unity throughout England. |
| Who were the Medicis? | They were a highly influential family in Italy and were very prominent in the government. |
| How did the printing press impact the Renaissance? | It helped spread humanism, and ideas throughout Renaissance |
| How did the printing press impact the Protestant Ref.? | It helped spread the ideas about the church. |
| What is the difference between the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance? | The Italian Ren. started earlier in 14th century while the European Ren. was later. The italian ren. was more humanist and based off ancient rome while euro. ren. was more christian based The european ren. was more diverse and challenged |
| What long term impacts did the Renaissance have on Europe? | The Renaissance, spanning roughly the 14th to 17th centuries, was a period of significant cultural, artistic, political, and economic upheaval in Europe. It fostered a renewed interest in classical antiquity and a shift towards humanism. |
| Who founded the Church of England? | Henry the VIII; to divorce his wife Catherine of Argon , for Anne Boleyn |
| What idea is John Calvin most associated with? | Predestination-God has eternally chosen some for salvation a decision made before the individuals were even born. |
| Who was the first monarch of the Tudor Dynasty? | Henry Tudor |
| What was the major achievements of Elizabeth I's reign? | She eased tensions between Catholics and Protestants, accepting both. She also defeated the Spanish Armada. Her reign was called the golden age, with shakespeare, exploration and economic prosperity. |
| What are the 4 steps of the historical source analysis protocol? | 1) Meet the source 2) Observe its parts 3) Make sense of it 4) Usie it as historical evidence |
| What Renaissance value is most reflected in Machiavelli's writing? | Machiavelli's work were based on a secular approach to governance. He focused on the actual workings of power and the behaviors of rulers in the real world rather than what they should be according to traditional moral or ethical standards. |
| What are the differences between the Renaissance and medieval views on leadership? | There was a definite break during the Renaissance from the Church and government. The ideals for a person also changed as those during the Ren. became more intellectual than "holy". Also less community and more individualism |
| Why was " The Prince" controversial? | its stark departure from traditional political thought and its seemingly amoral advice to rulers. |
| What was Machiavelli's answer to: is it safer for a ruler to be feared than loved? | While acknowledging that it would be ideal to be both loved and feared, he argues that if a ruler cannot achieve both, it is much safer to be feared. |
| What does this above statement say about how he views human nature? | Machiavelli's deeply pragmatic and cynical view of human nature. He doesn't assume that people are inherently virtuous . Instead, his view is that individuals are primarily motivated by self-interest and a desire for personal gain. |
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