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The Atlantic Revolts
French Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the Atlantic Revolutions? | A series of revolutions in North America, France, Haiti and Latin America in 18th until 19th centuries that challenged the old political and social systems. |
| What is the key question (problématique) historians ask about the Atlantic Revolutions? | How important were these revolutions in creating the modern world |
| What are “natural rights” according to Enlightenment thinkers? | Inalienable. rights of life, liberty and property |
| What is the “social contract”? | The idea that the people agree to obey the government as long as it protect their rights |
| What is “popular sovereignty”? | The idea of the government's power comes from the peoples' consent |
| Why did the American colonists revolt against Britain? | They rejected British taxes and interference, being used to self-government. |
| When did the United States declare independence? | 1776 |
| Which country gave major support to the American colonists in their war for independence? | France |
| Was political and legal equality extended to all Americans after independence? | No, enslaved people and women and others were excluded |
| What social group was the “Third Estate”? | Commoners in France |
| What document did the National Assembly create in 1789? | The Declarations of the Right of Man and of the Citizen |
| What factors caused the French Revolution? | Economics and fiscal crisis, the resentment of noble and clergy privileges |
| Who took power in France in 1799? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| What does the Rights of Man say about equality? | All men are equal to law |
| Who was excluded from the Rights of Man? | Women, enslaved people and colonized people |
| Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman? | Olympe de Gouges |
| Who led the slave revolt in Haiti? | Toussant Louverture |
| What year did Haiti gain independence? | 1803 |
| What did Haiti’s 1801 constitution do? | Granted equality and citizenships to all Haitians |
| Name the four main social groups in Saint-Domingue before the revolution. | Grand blancs, petit blancs, gens de couleur libres, enslaved people |
| Who were the creoles? | People of European descent born in the Americas |
| Why did creoles resent the peninsulares? | Political control and economic restrictions imposed by Spain |
| Who led the main independence movements in South America? | Simon Bolivar |
| By what year had most of Latin America gained independence from Spain? | 1824 |
| Did independence bring social equality to Latin America? | No, creoles elites kept power and inequality continued |
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