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A&P. 1
Planes of Movement, Movement Terms, Directions and Positions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Sagittal Plane | Divides the body into left and right parts. Medial & lateral correlate to the sagittal plane; the actions of flexion & extension occur along this plane. |
| The Midsagittal Plane | Runs down the center of the body , dividing the sagittal plane in two symmetrical halves. |
| The Frontal Plane | Divides the body into front and back portions. Anterior & posterior relate to the frontal plane; the actions of adduction & abduction happens along this plane. |
| The Transverse Plane | Divides the body into upper and lower parts. Superior & inferior refers to this plane; rotation happens with this plane. |
| Superior | Refers to a structure closer to the head |
| Inferior | Means closer to the feet |
| Cranial | Closer to the head |
| Caudal | Closer to the buttocks |
| Clavicle | One pair of bones at the base of the front of the neck |
| Umbilicus | The navel |
| Distal | A structure further away from the trunk |
| Proximal | A structure closer to the trunk |
| Superficial | Closer to the boy's surface |
| Deep | Deeper in the body |
| Medial | Closest to the midline or center of the body |
| Lateral | Further away from from the midline |
| Extension | A movement that straightens or opens a joint |
| Flexion | A movement that bends a joint or brings the bone closer together |
| Adduction | Of a joint brings a limb medially toward the body's midline |
| Abduction | Moves a limb laterally away from the midline |
| Medial rotation | Also known as internal rotation is when the limb turns inward toward the midline |
| Lateral rotation | Also known as external rotation swings the limb away from the midline |
| Circumduction | Involves a combination of the flexion, extension, adduction, & Abduction; together these actions create a cone-shaped movement. it is only possible at the shoulder and hip joint |
| Lateral flexion | Occurs only at the axial skeleton |
| Elevation | Is movement superiorly |
| Depression | Is movement inferiorly |
| Supination | Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one another. EX: carrying a bowl of soup. NOTE: takes place at the forearm & foot |
| Pronation | Takes place when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down. NOTE: takes place at the forearm & foot |
| Inversion | (Turn in) elevates the foots medial side and brings the sole of the foot medially. It occurs as a combination of movements of several joints of the feet. |
| Eversion | (Turn out) elevates the foot's lateral side and moves the sole laterally. It occurs as a combination of movements of several joints of the feet |
| Planter flexion | Is performed by moving the ankle (downward). It refer only to the movement of the ankle |
| Dorsiflexion | Is performed by moving the ankle (upward). It refers only to the movement of the ankle |
| Protraction | Occurs when one of these structures (Scapula, clavicle, head, jaw) moves anteriorly |
| Retraction | Occurs when one of these structures ( Scapula, clavicle, head, jaw) moves posteriorly |
| Deviation | To wander from the usual course. Lateral deviation occurs at the mandible during talking or chewing |
| Opposition | Happens only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. It occurs when the thumbpad crosses the pawn toward the last (pinkie) finger. |
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