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Ethics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethics that concentrate on the character of the actor | Virtue Ethics |
| Not what makes an act right but what makes a person good | Virtue Ethics |
| Thought and intention is also considered in what makes a person right | Virtue Ethics |
| The ultimate end of all human actions | Eudaimonia |
| “Arete,” excellence | Virtue |
| The average of two extremes | Virtue |
| a state of character | Virtue |
| the mean between the two extremes of our emotions and desires, as well as of the actions that they motivate. | Virtue |
| extreme of excess or the extreme of deficiency | Vice |
| Undesirable character trait | Vice |
| From greek “deon,” duty | Deontological Ethics |
| relationship between duty and the morality of the action | Deontological Ethics |
| Ethics that emphasize God’s Will | Divine Command Theory |
| Ethics that emphasize that certain actions are right by nature | Natural Law Theory |
| Belief in a a fundamental cosmic principle that governs and unifies everything in the world, and the order of the universe is fundamentally rational. | Stoicism |
| it is always wrong to do a bad act intentionally in order to bring about good consequences, but that it is sometimes permissible to do a good act despite knowing that it will bring about bad consequences. | Principle of Double Effect |
| Harming an innocent forfeits their right to life | Principle of Forfeiture |
| Every person is a law-making member of the moral community. | Categorical Imperative |
| Genuine moral acts must stem from our special nonnatural powers of reason and will, not from anything in nature such as our natural inclinations | Categorical Imperative |
| Product of Kantian Ethics | Categorical Imperative |
| “Do unto others as we would want them to do unto us.” | Principle of Universal Law |
| Moral rules must be universalizable. | Principle of Universal Law |
| Every human has an inherent worth that stems from rarionality. | Principle of Ends |
| Also known as Principle of Respect of Person | Principle of Ends |
| A human is an ends, not the means | Principle of Ends |
| Everyone is resposible for law-making in the kingdom of ends | Principle of Autonomy |
| Every rational being must regard oneself as a maker of universal law. | Principle of Autonomy |
| Ethics focusing on end result of the action | Consequentialism |
| Pleasure based Consequentialism | Hedonism |
| Rejects the view of hedonism that pleasure is an intrinsic good | Exclusive Non-Hedonism |
| Rejects the view of hedonism that pleasure is the only intrinsic good. | Inclusive Non-Hedonism |
| Pleasure is the end goal to everything | Hedonism |
| Only agent-related end goals matter | Agent Relative Consequentialism |
| There is something more fundamental than pleasure (i.e. power) | Agent Relative Non-Hedonism |
| For the Greater Good | Utilitarianism |
| The morally good act is the one that produces the maximum aggregate or the greatest sum total of welfare of all affected | Utilitarianism |
| Pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic evil | Hedonistic Utilitarianism |
| Greatest Happiness Principle | Utility |
| To calculate which among alternative pleasures ought to be preferred | Quantitative Utilitarianism |
| Pleasure can be measured | Quantitative Utilitarianism |
| Some types of pleasure are more valuable than others in virtue of their inherent quality. | Qualitative Utilitarianism |
| Pleasure is not the intrinsic good but something else. | Preference Utilitarianism |
| What should be maximized is not the experience of pleasure but the satisfaction of preference | Preference Utilitarianism |
| Pleasure is not the only intrinsic good for there are others | Pluralistic Utilitarianism |
| There is a plurality of intrinsic goods | Pluralistic Utilitarianism |
| Does the act lead to good ends? | Act Utilitarianism |
| Does the act, when conformed to, lead to good outcomes? | Rule Utilitarianism |
| it lies on objective standards or principles that apply to all people. | Ethical Objectivism |
| objective moral principles are to be applied differently in different contexts | Ethical Situationalism |
| The rightness of an act lies on the social/ cultural norms of the people or on the individual’s personal beliefs/commitments | Ethical Relativism |
| There are no valid moral principles at all | Ethical Skepticism |
Created by:
zhang.yuansun
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