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Medical Terminology
Medical terminology word parts: prefixes, roots, suffixes, and combining forms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| -logy | The study of |
| Hyper- | excess, increase |
| -itis | inflammation |
| Electr/o | Electricity |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening of tissue |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove excess fluid |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -graphy | focus, recording |
| -gram | image, record |
| -lysis | loosen, free, destroy |
| -plasty | repair surgically |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -stomy | surgical opening |
| pre- | before |
| peri- | around |
| post- | after, behind |
| supra- | above, excessive |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within |
| Hypo- | low, below normal, under |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| leuk/o | white |
| albin/o | white |
| Chlor/o | Green |
| Erythr/o | Red |
| cyan/o | blue |
| melan/o | black |
| uni- | one |
| mon(o)- | one |
| bi- | two |
| di- | two |
| tri- | three |
| poly- | many, much |
| multi- | many, much |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| laryng/o | larynx, voice box |
| later/o | side, lateral |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| mediastin/o | mediastin, between the lungs |
| pelv/o | pelvic |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| poster/o | back, behind |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| spin/o | spine |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae |
| anatomy | the science of structure |
| physiology | the science of bodily functions |
| anterior | front |
| posterior | back |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| medial | close to midline |
| lateral | farther from midline |
| proximal | near to reference point |
| distal | far from reference point |
| Cephalic | toward the head |
| Caudal | toward the tail |
| Dorsal | toward the back |
| Ventral | toward the front |
| Spinal cavity | houses the spinal cord |
| Cranial cavity | encloses the brain and a few glands |
| Thoracic cavity (chest cavity) | contains the heart and lungs |
| Sagittal plane | divides the body into left and right halves |
| Coronal (frontal) plane | divides the body into front and back sections |
| Transversal (axial) planes | divides the body into upper and lower portions |
| Oblique plane | sections the body with non standard cutting angles |
| Abdomen | the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
| Thorax | the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen |
| Peritoneum | a membrane providing protection and support to the abdominal organs |
| Right upper quadrant | houses the liver and gallbladder |
| Left upper quadrant | harbors the stomach and pancreas |
| Right lower quadrant | includes the appendix and part of the intestines |
| Parietal peritoneum | lines the cavity’s outer walls |
| Visceral peritoneum | envelopes the inner organs |
| Mesentery | a organ that suspends the intestines within the abdominal spaces |
| Retroperitoneal space | unobtrusively placed behind the primary peritoneum, enhancing stability and streamlining body functions |
| Peritonitis | an inflammation due to infection or injury |
| Left lower quadrant | this area pertains to the intestines |
| Ascites | excess fluid accumulation between the abdomen and abdominal organs |
| Epigastric region | central upper region of the abdomen |
| Sternum | breastbone |
| Umbilicus | belly button |
| umbilical region | region of the abdomen that surrounds the navel |
| right and left lumber regions | regions of the abdomen located on either side of the umbilical region |
| right and left iliac regions | located in the lower abdomen on either side of the pubic area near the hip bones |
| hypogastric (suprapubic, ingual) region | a area of the abdomen located below the umbilical region and above the pubic area |
| right and left hypochondriac regions | upper regions of the abdomen under the ribs |
| peritoneum | a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs |
| serous | resembling or producing serum |
| Cytologist | one who studies cells |
| Arteriol/o | Arteriole |
| Coron/o | Heart |
| Venul/o | Venule |
| Phleb/o | Vein |
| Ven/o | Vein |
| Angi/o | Vessel |
| Angina Pectoris | Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart |
| Aneurysm | A bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning greater than 50% of the vessel’s normal diameter |
| Arrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm |
| Atherosclerosis | A buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls |
| Cardiac Arrest | Complete cessation of heart function |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Impaired cardiac functioning resulting in failure of the ventricle to eject blood |
| Defibrillation | The use of an electrical shock to the heart to bring about a slower and regular heartbeat |
| Embolism, embolus | A blockage, typically a blood clot, that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow |
| Fibrillation | Extremely fast and irregular heartbeat |
| Myocardial infraction | Heart attack |
| Shock | Poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart |
| What are signs of shock? | Paleness of the skin, weak and rapid pulse, and shallow breathing |
| Lipid levels | Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood |
| Serum enzymes | Measurement of enzymes released into the bloodstream following or representing an insult of an organ like a heart attack |
| Thrombus | A circulating blood clot |
| Coronary thrombosis | A heart attack caused by a clot that occludes a coronary vessel |
| Angiography | A medical imaging technique test that uses contrast dye and X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to visualize blood vessels |
| Cardiac Catheterization | A catheter is introduced into a vein or artery to measure pressure and flow patterns of blood |
| Doppler Ultrasound | A test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow in the vessels |
| Echocardiography | A ultrasound test that uses sound waves to create moving images of the heart |
| Electrocardiography (EKG, ECG) | A medical test that records the heart’s electrical activity |
| Stress Test | An EKG, blood pressure and heart rate measurement detailing the heart's response to physical exertion |
| Cardioversion | A medical procedure that uses electrical shocks or specific medications to restore a normal heart rhythm in a person with an arrhythmia |
| What is cardioversion also known as? | Defibrillation |
| Endarterectomy | A surgical procedure that removes fatty plaque buildup from an artery, typically the carotid artery in the neck, to restore proper blood flow and reduce the risk of a stroke |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | A surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked arteries with healthy blood vessels taken from another part of the patient’s body |
| Atrial fibrillation (AFib) | An irregular heart rhythm that begins in the heart’s upper chambers (atria) |
| Ischemia | An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart’s muscles |
| Vas/o | Vessel |
| Vascul/o | Vessel |
| Arter/o | Artery |
| Arteri/o | Artery |
| Arteriol/o | Arteriole |
| Aort/o | Aorta |
| Atri/o | Atrium |
| Isch/o | Hold back |
| -emia | Blood condition |
| Or/o | Mouth |
| Esophag/o | Esophagus |
| Rect/o | Rectum |
| Ren/o | Kidney |
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Chyme | The semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum |
| Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine |
| Duoden/o | Duodenum |
| Jejun/o | Jejunum |
| Jejunum | The second part of the small intestine |
| Ileum | The third and last part of the small intestine |
| Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
| Pancreas | A large gland behind the stomach |
| Cholecyst/o | Gallbladder |
| Col/o | Colon |
| Colon/o | Colon |
| Proct/o | Anus, rectum |
| Hepat/o | Liver |
| Gallbladder | A small organ under the liver that stores and releases bile into the small intestine |
| Gallstones | Hardened deposits of bile in the gallbladder that are made from cholesterol or bilirubin |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes such as hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse that leads to scarring and liver failure |
| Colon polyps | A small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon or rectum |
| Barium swallow (esophagogram) | An X-ray exam that involves drinking a barium liquid to assess the esophagus and upper GI tract |
| Laparoscopic cholecystectomy | A minimally invasive surgical technique used to remove a diseased gallbladder |
| Lith/o | Stone |
| Aden/o | Gland |
| Lumb/o | Lumbar, lower back |
| Lip/o | Fat, lipid |
| Lipid/o | Fat |
| Lingu/o | Tongue |
| Odont/o | Tooth |
| -oma | Tumor, mass |
| Onc/o | Tumor, mass |
| Onych/o | Nail |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Orch/o | Testicle |
| Orchid/o | Testicle |
| Oste/o | Bone |
| Ot/o | Ear |
| Ovari/o | Ovary |
| Omphal/o | Navel |
| Ambi- | Both |
| Ambo- | Both |
| An/o | Anus |
| Arthr/o | Joint |
| Articul/o | Joint |
| Bil/i | Bile |
| Carp/o | Wrist, carpal |
| Caud/o | Tail, down |
| Celi/o | Abdomen |
| Cec/o | Cecum |
| Cecum | A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine |
| Chol/e | Gall, bile |
| Cost/o | Rib |
| Dactyl/o | Finger, toe, digit |
| Dent(i/o) | Tooth |
| Digit/o | Finger, toe |
| Dys- | Abnormal, bad, difficult |
| Ech/o | Reflected sound |
| -emesis | Vomiting |
| Enter/o | Small intestine |
| Fibr/o | Fiber |
| Gloss/o | Tongue |
| Hepat/o | Liver |
| Hyster/o | Uterus |
| -ia | Condition |
| -ase | Enzyme |
| -iasis | Condition, state |
| -pepsia | Digestion |
| Appendic/o | Appendix |
| Append/o | Appendix |
| Celi/o | Abdomen |
| Pylor/o | Pylorus |
| Sigmoid/o | Sigmoid colon |
| Palat/o | Palate |
| Sigmoid colon | The last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum |
| Sial/o | Saliva |
| Splen/o | Spleen |
| Steat/o | Fat |
| Cholangi/o | Bile duct |
| Bucc/o | Cheek |
| -tripsy | Crushing |
| Trich/o | Hair |
| Pylorus | The opening from the stomach into the duodenum |
| Somat/o | Body |
| Pleur(a/o) | Pleura |
| Prurit/o | Pruritus, itching |
| Appendix | A small, finger shaped organ located in the lower right abdomen, attached to the cecum |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
| Pica | The craving for non-nutritional substances |
| Hiatal hernia | A condition in which part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle |
| Ulcerative colitis | A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract |
Created by:
k1ngg245
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