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Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mouth | Begins chemical and mechanical digestion |
| Saliva | Substance in oral cavity that contains enzymes (amylase) to break things down |
| Deciduous Teeth | -20 teeth -Developed around 6 months of age -Eventually replaced by permanent teeth |
| Adult Teeth | -32 teeth -Developed around 6 years of age -Molars, canines, incisors, pre-molars |
| Uvula | -Touching causes a gag reflex -Secretes saliva -Hangs on soft palate |
| Soft palate | Helps start to digest soft foods |
| Hard palate | Helps start to digest coarse foods |
| Tongue | Manipulates food for chewing and swallowing |
| Tonsils | Collects bacteria |
| Pharynx | Propels food from the oral cavity to the esophagus |
| Oropharynx | Part of pharynx closest to oral cavity |
| Laryngopharynx | Part of pharynx closest to the larynx (voice box) |
| Nasopharynx | Part of pharynx closest to nose |
| Esophagus | -"Food tube" -Begins the alimentary canal |
| Alimentary Canal | -Long tube that is a passageway for food -Extends from the oral cavity to the anus |
| Parts of Esophagus (In-Out) | -Mucosa -Submucosa -Muscularis externa -Serosa |
| Cardioesophageal sphincter | Valve at top of stomach |
| Stomach | -Holds 4 liters -Produces gastric acid (HCl), which kills germs |
| Pyloric Sphincter | Ring of muscle at end of stomach that passes food to small intestine (duodenum) |
| Pepsin | Enzyme that breaks protein down, pepsinogen produced in stomach that converts to pepsin and functions properly |
| Chyme | Creamy substance that the mechanical digestion of the stomach breaks food down into |
| Small intestine | -25 feet long -Mostly chemical digestion from bile and villi -3 parts -Bile secreted from gallbladder ducts -Enzymes from pancreas help break food down -Food leaves Ileocecal valve -Peristalsis is in full swing |
| Parts of small intestine (In-Out) | -Duodenum -Jejunum -Ileum |
| Bile | Digestive fluid produced in liver that helps break down lipids in the small intestine |
| Villi | Tiny hairs in lining of cells that contain capillaries that absorb nutrients into bloodstream |
| Large intestine | -Dries out any remaining water -Goblet cells inside produce HCO3 fluid -Ascending, transverse, descending -5 parts |
| Appendix | Removes any leftover bacteria once food is going through large intestine |
| Parts of large intestine (In-Out) | -Cecum -Appendix -Colon -Rectum -Anal canal |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
| Pancreas | -Accessory organ -Produces enzymes to neutralize chyme -Produces insulin and glucagen to regulate blood sugar |
| Liver | Produces bile and sends it down hepatic duct (sends bile from liver to SI) |
| Gallbladder | Produces bile and sends it down the cystic duct (connects gallbladder to the common bile duct) to the SI |
| Mastication | Chewing food |
| Ingestion | Consumption of a substance |
| Propulsion | Movement of food through alimentary canal |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Bolus | Food mixed with saliva in digestive system ready to move down esophagus |
| Catabolism | Breakdown of molecules into simpler ones, like chemical and mechanical digestion |
| Anabolism | SImple molecules banding to form complex structures |
| Incisors | -For cutting food -4 in each jaw |
| Canines | -Help tear into food -4 in each jaw, 1 per "quadrant" |
| Premolars | -Transitional teeth between canines and molars |
| Molars | -For grinding and crushing food -In back of mouth |
Created by:
pauliporisch
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