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CVS 105 Exam 1

Electrocardiogram

TermDefinition
Electrocardiogram a tracing or graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity over time.
Electrocardiograph device that detects, measures, and records
ECG or EKG Tracing or graphic representation is known as?
Electrocardiograms provide Continuous and portable monitoring of the heart's electrical activity
ECG machines are capable of monitoring up to 12 or more leads simultaneously
ECG machines are equipped with Defibrillators, pacemakers, and a variety of devices used to assess patients
ECG static or tracings after events occurred; referred as rhythm strips or printouts
Dynamic ECG real-time electrical activity
Oscilloscope waveforms (deflections) displayed on a screen
Continuous monitoring; holter monitor tack electrical activity over a period
Lead wires consists of 3,4 or 5 lead wires for monitoring purposes and up to 10 lead wires for 12 lead ECGs.
EKG leads should not be tangled or placed on bone
EKG leads have labeled clips or snaps or pin type connector
ECG electrode disposable and consist of a wet or dry electrolyte gel tabs that acts as a conductor
conductivity ability of the heart to receive and transmit an electrical signal
automaticity ability of the heart cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse
SA node pacemaker of the heart + initiates pathway
SA node is located upper walls of the Right Atrium besides the Superior vena cava
AV node second pathway that delays further firing
AV node is located in the Right Atrium at the junction between the RA and RV
Bundle of his sends charges down the L/R bundle branches
L/R bundle branches depolarizes interventricular septum
Bundle branches are located down the IVS (interventricular septum)
Purkinje fibers branches off the L/R bundle branches and depolarize the ventricles
Depolarization Impulses are generated and transmit positive charged ions causing interior to positively charge
Atrial depolarization begins in the SA node firing a positive charge towards the AV node
Ventricular Diastole found in the Atrial depolarization causing a positive deflection known as the P-wave
IVCT isovolumic contraction time
isoelectric line no electrical charge is fired yielding no net stimulus
During IVCT, what happens in the AV node holds the positive charge but delays firing towards the Bundle of his system
What is the PR segment time interval from the end of the atrial depolarization to the beginning of the ventricular depolarization
what is the ST segment the time interval from the end of the ventricular depolarization to the beginning of repolarization of the ventricles
what is the PR interval represents the time interval from the beginning of the atrial depolarization to the beginning of the ventricular depolarization
what is QT interval the time interval from the beginning of the ventricular depolarization to the end of repolarization of the ventricles
What is the first phase of the R/L ventricular depolarization? IVS becomes depolarized through the left and right bundle branches from left to right, causing early depolarization of the ventricles
What deflection is caused in the Q-wave? negative
What is the second phase of the R/L ventricular depolarization? right and left ventricular apical portions are depolarized through the Purkinje fibers and right ventricular depolarization is complete
IVS interventricular septum depolarization
What deflection is caused in the R wave? positive
What is the third phase of the R/L ventricular depolarization? mid and basal portions of the LV are depolarized through the Purkinje fibers towards the left lateral wall
IVRT Isovolumic relaxation time
What deflection is caused in the S wave? negative
What occurs during the IVRT? the R/L ventricle are positively charged and depolarized with no further movement of charge
The ST segment creates what type of deflection? Isoelectric line
Ventricular repolarization positively charged myocardial cells become negative slowly towards its resting state where it can become depolarized again
What deflection does the T wave create? positive
During phase 1 of R/L ventricular depolarization, what wave is formed? Q wave
During phase 2 of R/L ventricular depolarization, what wave is formed? R wave
During phase 3 of R/L ventricular depolarization, what wave is formed? S wave
During ventricular repolarization, what wave is formed? T wave
When a positive charge that depolarizes a cell from negative to positive, what deflection is created? positive
When a positive charge that depolarizes a cell from positive to negative, what deflection is created? negative
When a negative charge that repolarizes a cell from positive to negative, what deflection is created? negative
Where are impulses from a frontal plane of the heart found? in the limb leads
lead 1 views the lateral walls of the heart
lead 2 views the inferior walls of the heart
lead 3 views the inferior wall of the heart
leads 1-3 are considered bipolar; measure between 2 specific points
leads AVr, AVi, AVf are considered unipolar; measures with only one reference point
lead AVr views the basal septum + RV
What deflection is created in lead AVr? negative
lead AVi views interior walls of the heart
lead AVf views lateral walls of the heart
where is RA lead placed? right side of the chest below clavicle in the midclavicular line
where is the LA lead placed? left side of the chest below clavicle in the midclavicular line
where is the LL lead placed? left leg or hip
where is the RL placed? right leg or hip
Both LL and RL leads are considered? ground leads
Einthoven's triangle a conceptual triangle formed by leads 1,2,3
Which leads are considered precordial? V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6
Precordial leads are unipolar; using one reference point
Precordial leads deflect what type of wave form? positive
where is V1 placed 4th intercostal space on the right of the sternum
Lead V1 views ventricular septum
where is V2 placed 4th intercostal space on the left side of the sternum
Lead V2 views the right ventricle and anterior wall of the heart; more recognized for its view of the ventricular septum
where is V3 placed midway between V2 and V4 on the left side
lead V3 views anterior wall of the left ventricle
where is V4 placed on the fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line
lead V4 views the anterior wall of left ventricle and is close to the heart's apex
where is V5 placed on the fifth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
lead V5 views lateral wall of the left ventricle
where is V6 placed horizontally level with V4 and V5 at the midaxillary line
Lead V6 isviews lateral wall of left ventricle
leads 2, 3, and AVf view which wall? inferior walls
leads 1,AVi,V5,V6 view which wall? lateral walls
leads V1,V2 view which wall? septal walls
leads V3,V4 view which wall? anterior walls
Vertical lines on the ECG paper represent amplitude
Horizontal lines on the graph paper represent time
what is the size of each small box in height and width 1 mm
one large box in height translates to 0.5 MV
one large box in width translates to 0.20 seconds
one small box in height translates to 0.1 MV
one small box in width translates to 0.04 seconds
15 large boxes represent 3 second strip
what is the normal value duration of the P wave? <0.12 seconds
what is the normal value amplitude of the P wave? 2.5 mm
what is the normal value duration of the PR interval? 0.12-0.20 seconds
what is the normal value duration of the QRS complex? <0.12 duration
what consist of a normal ST segment? no elevation or depression
Created by: marielin
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