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Joint Class
Classification of Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Articulation | connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones |
| 3 major classifications according to structure & movement characteristics | -Synarthrodial-Amphiarthrodial-Diarthrodial |
| Synarthrodial | -immovable joints-Suture such as Skull sutures-Gomphosis such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla |
| Amphiarthrodial | -slightly movable joints-allow a slight amount of motion to occur |
| How many TYPES of Amphiarthrodial joints are there? | 3-Syndesmosis-Synchondrosis-Symphysis |
| Syndesmosis | Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones |
| Synchondrosis | Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones |
| Symphysis | Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones |
| Diarthrodial Joints | -known as synovial joints-freely movable-composed of sleevelike joint capsule-secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity |
| Articular or hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface ends of the bones inside the joint cavity | -absorbs shock-protect the bone |
| slowly absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading or distraction | Diarthrodial Joints |
| Diarthrodial joints have motion possible in one or more planes - The Degrees of Freedom are... | -motion in 1 plane = 1 degree of freedom-motion in 2 planes = 2 degrees of freedom-motion in 3 planes = 3 degrees of freedom |
| How many TYPES of Diarthrodial/Synovial Joints are there? | 6-Arthrodial-Ginglymus-Trochoid-Condyloid-Enarthrodial-Sellar |
| Arthrodial | Gliding Joints |
| Arthrodial (Gliding) joints Motions are... | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, & rotation, (circumduction) |
| Ginglymus (Hinge) joint | -a uniaxial articulation-articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane-Ex.Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle) |
| Trochoid (Pivot) joint | -also uniaxial articulation-Ex. atlantoaxial joint - odontoid which turns in a bony ring, proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints |
| Condyloid (Knuckle Joint) | -biaxial ball & socket joint-one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface |
| Enarthrodial | Multiaxial or triaxial ball & socket joint-Ex. Hip & shoulder joint |
| Motions of Enarthrodial | Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, rotation, and circumduction |
| Sellar (Saddle) Joint | unique triaxial joint |
| Another name for Ellipsoidal joint | Condyloid/Biaxial Joint |
| Another name for Enarthrodial joint | Multiaxial Joint |
| What joint is the simplest of the diarthrodial/synovial joints? | Arthrodial (gliding) |
| Diarthrodial Joints Move... | Freely |
| Flexion/Extension moves in what plane? | Sagital |
| What 2 planes does Lateral Flexion move through? | Lateral or Frontal |
| Rotation occurs in what plane? | Transverse |
| Abduction/Adduction moves through which plane? | Lateral |
| Opposition/Reposition moves through which plane? | Oblique |
| What is the ONLY cellar/saddle joint in the body? | Carpalmetacarpal joint |
| Examples of Ball-and-Socket/Multiaxial joints | hip, shoulder |
| Examples of Hinge/Ginglymus Joints | Elbow, knee, ankle, interphalangeal, joint between occipital bone and the atlas of the vertebra. |
| Examples of a Trochoid Joint | Pivot joints include the joint btween the first and second vertebra - the atlas and the axis, and the rotation of the head of radius over the shaft of the ulna proximally. |
| Examples of Ellipsoidal or Condyloid joints | Articulation between the distal end of radius with the carpal bones, phalanges with the metacarpal bones, and phalanges with the metatarsal bones. |
| Examples of a Saddle joint. | biaxial. articulation between the carpal bone and metacarpal bone of the thumb. |
| Examples of a planar joint | aka gliding joint. The ends of clavicle, between carpal bones, between tarsal bones, and between the articulating facets of spinal vertebrae. |
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BAC
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