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Peacekeeping and R2P

International Politics

TermDefinition
Why did the 1957 Nobel Peace prize winner, Lester B Pearson, say that the idea of international action against a “big disturber of the peace” was “unrealizable to the point of absurdity? because during conflicts involving individuals of the SC such as during the cold war or russia and ukraine, SC can come to a decision to help bring peace if they are one of the big disturber of peace
UN Charter Chapter 7 UN must maintain/restore internat peace and security if threat of peace or act of aggression measures not involving armed forces but economic + diplomatic sanctions UNSC can approve military of member states but only if necessary
Peacekeeping during Cold War obvious political barriers to intervening (rarely intervened) UN meant to be neutral monitors of ceasefires (Ex. india v. Pakistan) Can involve military forces (suez, congo) S
UN in Suez Crisis Un troops deployed to monitor withdrawl of Brit, france, and israeli from egypt
UN in Congo Crisis Un troops deployed to enforce UNSC resolution for belgium to withdraw from newly independent COngo UN troops carries out offensive attacks against secessionist and foregin mercenaries in Congo
End of Cold War Peace Keeping Fall of SU now Un can do its join with SC Un under Ghali expand role to protect civilian in conflict and establish law and order after govt collapse
Why were early 1990 (post cold war) interventions less successful conflicts now mostly internal to states rather than between states Un personnel were not monitoring an existing peace but try to affect an ongoing conflict Un missions lacked adequate resources from member states relied on member states for resources
Somalia (Black Hawk Down) Crisis of UN intervention Som govt collaspes when cold war ended b/c it lost aid from US and SU US then provided them aid to fight against a rebel group and they were attcked US wanted to be able to use force, UNSC authorized it Civil war kept going and PK failed
Rwanda Genocide Crisis of UN intervention UN was present to oversee an existing agreement (diff purpose) UN didnt indictaed a genocide was occuring b/c Un anti genocide would be forced ti go and help effective intervention would need the US, but US didnt get involved b/c it politically bad
Bosnia Crisis of UN intervention Un declares a humarttarian safe zones to help citizens, but stay neutral Serbs forces started to target these safe zones, w/o Us forces they weren't able to provide actual safety (lots of civilian death)
Kosovo Crisis of UN intervention NATO forces led by US to target yugoslavia forces with UN agreement controvestional b/c nato and US break Internat law to help Kosovo b/c they were harming a member start with UN approval + cause infrastructural damage
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principles adopt uanimously - do have consenesus: should see state sov to protect pop in a state -sovergin not protect citizens from crimes the place is no longer soverign and UN intervene R to stop crime developing , UN react get sov back (rebuild) Re
R2P case of Libya Context: uprising against Qaddafi govt led to rebellion, with govt and military defectors form alter govt (NTC) Un SC approved support and authroize nato to take all necessary measures to protect b/c NTC made arg a geneocide will occur if Q continues
Aftermath of Libya civil war Rebels and NATO reject a ceasefire from Q, Nato starts to directly arm rebels (vilate UNSC arms embargo) Rebels get vistory and kill leader civil war renewed after rebels govt extended cons mandate
Issue of Libya R2P NATO meant to be civilian protection not pick side no rebuild, minimal investment in civilian led political process New reform: responsibility while protect to make accountability for interveners - current UN allows for interveners not to be response
POST R2P Un continues to deploy PK missions w/ host apporval new model show loss of trust in UN missions - haiti large gangs control govt, Un supports but does not lead
Created by: katelyn27
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