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Ocean Governance
International Politics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What issues are at stake in ocean governance? | global trade via ocean shipping, extraction of natural resources, climate change policy, labor |
| What makes it difficult to govern activities in the ocean? | jurisidsctions and the impacts of climate change running shore lines, where do natural waters start + end |
| regimes | set of implicit rules that order a given area of international relations (find what is legit or not and lower cost of legit and raise other) |
| ocean governance regime | contemporary regimes of ocean believe the O should be shared and try to allow state sovereignty to address probs of regulation principles of freedom of the seas and state territories |
| Freedom of the Seas | lang standing principle in customary international law 3 miles off cost is Int water (how far cannons could reach) Free access to navigate int. water |
| Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) | -tribunal - territoal waters extended + contiguous zone Exclusive Economic zones landlocked states guaranteed free access to oceans need register with a flag (flag state is responsible) protect marine life Deep sea managed by Int. Seabed authority |
| Freedom to law of the seas | UN customary law and revist and codified issue of where territories end and natural resources, as many states control resources beyong 3 miles of coast (oil, minerals) UN held conference for Law of Sea (UNCLOS) |
| Exclusive Economic zones | grant states rights over natural resources of 200 miles off coastline |
| Coastline changes | climate change with increase sea level rising led to disagree about coast lines starting points some states (china) are creating artificial island to get more EEzones |
| National flagging | ships mut be reigstered under juridsction of their flag follow labor laws of flag so developing for renvue has weak labor regs. (marshall islands deep water horizon drilling exploded) |
| Illegal Unreported Unregulated (IUU) fishing | Effect less wealthy b/c fisheries get depleated and ecologies damage by IUU 11% of US seafood imports comes from IUU Working conditions: traffiking, slavery, vunerable to abuse like boats that never go back to port to get regulated |
| IUU Fishing exmaples | no license, not/lie reporting catches, keep undersized fish, etc |
| IUU Somalia | Lots of IUU fishing + dumoing off Som. coast Som fought back by sending pirates, then changed to gangs and cartels (holding ppl for randsom money) Led to UN military intervention IUU fishing return and only way to get UNCLOS to stop it is with the SC |
| Climate change and Marine pop | many countries especially developing rely on fish for main souce of protein ocean help regulate earths clime (acidicfication) |
| Fault of UNCLOS | requires signatures to provent, reduce, and control pollution Implementation depends on state actions NEED UN SC approval profit and political influence of polluting industries makes it hard for states to act |
Created by:
katelyn27
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