Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Required World Vocab
Vocab for Modern World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| monotheism | belief in one god; Judaism was the first |
| polytheism | belief in many gods; ex: Hinduism |
| karma | past deeds will determine the future |
| Torah | holy book of Judaism |
| Quran | holy book of Islam |
| The Bible | holy book of Christianity |
| Vedas | holy book of Hinduism |
| Messiah | God's son Jesus |
| 10 Commandments | Given to Moses on the mountain |
| jihad | "holy war", religious struggle |
| Trinity | Christians belief of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit |
| Five Pillars | Muslim belief: fasting, prayer, pilgrimage, alms to poor, and faith in Allah |
| Ramadan | Holy month for Muslims; no eating from sun up to sun down |
| reincarnation | Belief in many lives |
| caste system | class system for Hinduism; from untouchable to Brahmins |
| Four Noble Truths | Buddhist beliefs: suffering exists; material desires cause suffering; get rid of desires and no more suffering; reach nirvana |
| Eightfold Path | Buddhist belief--8 steps towards ending suffering |
| Enlightened | Buddha; the idea that you understand the meaning of life |
| Nirvana | Ultimate goal for Buddhists to reach. |
| Thirty Years War | Religious war among German princes; Protestants vs. Catholics; Peace of Westphalia |
| Catholic Church | The predominate Christian church during the Middle Ages in western Europe |
| heresy | Speaking out against the Catholic Church or its doctrine. |
| Renaissance | Italian word for rebirth, referring to the Greek and Roman culture |
| humanism | belief led by Erasmus; focuses on the individual and study of the classical Greek and Roman culture |
| printing press | invention which allowed the spread of the Renaissance and Reformation; developed by Gutenberg |
| indulgences | Catholics could buy these to pardon sins; Martin Luther spoke out against this practice |
| usury | Merchants charge interest when lending money |
| 95 Theses | Luther nailed these on a church door protesting against some of the practices of the Catholic Church |
| Predestination | Calvin's belief that God has already chosen who would be let into heaven |
| Anglican | Church of England created by Henry VIII |
| the Inquisition | Catholic church group that punished those who spoke out against the Church; condemned Galileo |
| Counter-Reformation | Catholic attempt to stop people from leaving the church |
| Jesuits | group set up during the Catholic Counter-Reformation; tried to convert people to Catholicism. |
| God, Glory, and Gold | three reasons for exploration |
| circumnavigate | to travel around the globe; first done by Magellan, then Drake |
| spices | major trade product from Asia |
| conquistador | Spanish conqueror like Cortez and Pizarro |
| colony | European settlement in a different part of the world |
| Columbian Exchange | global trade between eastern and western hemispheres |
| plantations | slaves worked on these in the new world |
| bullion | term for gold and silver during the Age of Exploration |
| Triangular trade | 3 legs of trade between Africa, New World, and Europe |
| Middle Passage | leg of triangular trade when slaves were brought from Africa to the New World |
| sugar cane | major crop of the Caribbean |
| Diseases | many Native Americans died because Europeans brought this to the New World |
| Encomienda | Spanish laws which forced Native Americans into a kind of slavery |
| divine right | belief that the power of rule came by God; Louis, Peter, Frederick, and the Stuarts believed in this |
| absolute | type of monarch who has complete power |
| Huguenots | French Protestants |
| westernization | Peter the Great modernized his country when he made his people adapt to the customs and culture of countries in the west of Europe |
| Edict of Nantes | French law which allowed for freedom of religion; meant mainly for the Huguenots; later taken away, or repealed, by Louis XIV |
| I am the state | L'État, c'est moi: France's Louis XIV's famous dictum |
| geocentric theory | Earth is the center of the universe |
| heliocentric theory | sun is the center of the universe; Copernicus |
| scientific method | steps used for experiments; developed by Francis Bacon |
| life, liberty, and property | natural rights of John Locke |
| philosophe | French term for philosopher |
| Enlightenment | Age when reason was emphasized over religious/supernatural belief |
| nationalism | strong pride in your country or culture; spread by Napoleon; major reason for unification of Italy and Germany |
| English Bill of Rights 1689 | signed by William and Mary; increased the power of the people and Parliament; lowered the power of the monarchs; signed during Glorious Revolution |
| Parliament | Monarchs power declined in England; while this governmental body increased in power; very similar to Congress in the US |
| Roundheads | English Civil War; group led by Cromwell; cut their hair short in protests to the nobility's custom of wearing long hair |
| Cavaliers | English Civil War; supporters of King Charles I |
| Glorious Revolution | This event kicked James II off the throne of England and placed his daughter as ruler along with her husband; no bloodshed |
| Declaration of Independence | Document written by Jefferson; marked the beginning of the American independence, Jefferson used Locke's ideas in this document |
| Storming of the Bastille | first violent event of the French Revolution occurred at this prison; celebrated like our July 4th |
| Reign of Terror | when thousands of men were guillotined; led by Robespierre and the Jacobins; Louis XVI loses his head |
| Napoleonic Code | laws of Napoleon |
| Third Estate | Class that made up most of French society before the revolution |
| Tennis Court Oath | when the lower class of French society refused to leave until their demands were met; named after the sports complex where they met |
| Congress of Vienna | meeting of European countries after Napoleon's fall; conservative; wanted to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution; successful diplomatic effort that kept peace in Europe for the next 40 years |
| Revolutions of 1848 | uprising all through Europe in reaction to the Congress of Vienna and against conservatism--unsuccessful |
| realpolitik | belief of Bismarck to do whatever it takes to get the job done |
| Franco-Prussian War | War where the Prussians defeated the French; help in unifying Germany |
| Red Shirts | Garibaldi's army that united the south of Italy |
| Shogun | Japanese leader or ruler |
| mercantilism | economic system; export more than import; colonies exist to provide raw materials for a mother country which would then be turned into a finished product |
| isolationism | Japan, China and the United States all practiced a policy of _______________________ at one time or another, meaning it tried to have no dealings with Europe. |
| foreign enclaves | Chinese cities set aside for trade with Europeans |
| Renaissance man | person who is trained/talented in many fields during the Renaissance |
| exports | goods traded outside the producing country |
| Raw materials | materials found in nature (ex: cotton, iron, copper) |
| Enclosure Movement | movement where land was fenced off from public use; resulted in farmers moving to the city for work |
| Industrial Revolution | Time when cities grew; machine power replaced man power; improved technology |
| entrepreneur | person who owns/tries to start their own business |
| Labor Unions | these were formed in order to give people better working conditions |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| capitalism | monetary system, that if you work hard you will be rewarded; developed by Adam Smith |
| laissez-faire | belief of Adam Smith that economic competition, should be controlled by the market's invisible hand. |
| communism/socialism | developed by Karl Marx; belief that everybody should be equal; government controls all factors of production |
| proletariat | Karl Marx used it as a sociological term to refer to the working class; he wanted them to rise up and rebel |
| imperialism | European period when countries tried to conquer and control places all over the world; creation of empires |
| Sepoy Rebellion | rebellion where Indian soldiers rebelled against the British rule of their country |
| East India Company | British business which controlled India |
| sphere of influence | when European countries took control of trading rights in other countries; China is a prime example |
| protectorate | when a country is strongly influenced by a foreign, European country |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese rebellion against Christianity and foreigners |
| passive resistance/civil disobedience | non-violent protest; practiced by Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. |
| alliances | countries form these for protection in case they are attacked |
| Triple Entente | World War I; consisted of Britain, France, and Russia |
| Triple Alliance | World War I; alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire |
| RMS Lusitania | Name the ship which contributed to the US entering World War I |
| Zimmerman Note | Message which added to the desire of the US to enter into World War I against Germany |
| 14 Points | Wilson's plan for peace |
| League of Nations | Wilson's international peacekeeping body; US refused to become a member; ended in failure |
| Great Depression | Period of tremendous economic failure; allowed Hitler to gain power in Germany; affected the entire world |
| Stock Market Crash of 1929 | Event which started the Great Depression in the United States |
| fascism | belief in militarism and extreme nationalism |
| totalitarianism | when the government has complete control over the people |
| Nazi Party | Party of Hitler |
| New Economic Policy (NEP) | Lenin's plan to industrialize the Soviet Union |
| collectivization | Stalin's plan to modernize the Soviet Union |
| appeasement | try and avoid conflict; Britain and France did this to Hitler when he invaded Czechoslovakia and Austria |
| blitzkrieg | Hitler's lightening war |
| United Nations (UN) | international peacekeeping organization created after World War II |
| The Superpowers | nickname for the strongest countries in the world during the Cold War; US and USSR |
| Atomic Bomb | weapon developed during World War II and dropped on Japan |
| trench | type of warfare used during World War I |
| Axis | World War II alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Allied Powers | World War II alliance of Britain, France, US, and Soviet Union |
| anti-Semitism | hatred of Jews |
| genocides | systemic killing of a whole group of people because of religious or ethnic differences |
| the Killing Fields | largest genocide in Cambodia is known as this |
| Holocaust | largest genocide in history; occurred during World War II against the Jews |
| cold war | conflict between the US and USSR after World War II |
| domino theory | belief that if one country fell to communism, all surrounding countries would soon become communist as well |
| Truman Doctrine | statement which said the US would stop the spread of communism |
| Iron Curtain | Churchill's metaphor for the barrier of communist Europe and democratic Europe |
| Korean War | Cold War action to stop communism; divided the country into two along the 38th parallel |
| Marshall Plan | plan to rebuild Europe after World War II |
| NATO | defensive alliance consisting of the US and western Europe during the Cold War. |
| Warsaw Pact | defensive alliance consisting of USSR and eastern satellites during the Cold War |
| Berlin Wall | Soviets built this in order to keep Germans from fleeing into democratic West Germany |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | when the USSR placed missiles 90 miles off the coast of Florida |
| deterrence or mutual destruction | policy that believed the more nuclear weapons one country builds, the less chance of war because other countries would be afraid |
| arms race | competition between the US and USSR to build the most nuclear weapons |
| Nationalists | Chinese group which believed in democracy; led by Chiang Kai Shek |
| Vietnam War | conflict during the Cold War; the US eventually pulled out and the entire country became communist |
| apartheid | segregation in South Africa |
| NAFTA | free trade agreement between Mexico, Canada and the US. |
| OPEC | Formally a Middle Eastern Oil production group. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| WTO | organization for free world trade. |
| EU | economic organization in Europe to try to compete with the US. |
| IMF | organization which gives loans to poor countries. |
| Silk Road | Chinese trade route |
| Istanbul | Capital of Ottoman Empire |
| Mughal Empire | Built "Taj Mahjal" |
| Aztec | Indian empire of Mexico |
| Inca | Indian empire of Peru |
| Maya | Central American Pyramids, Astronomy |
| Italy | Renaissance began here |
| Michelangelo | Sistine Chapel, "David" |
| Shakespeare | Plays, sonnets |
| Erasmus | Christian humanist |
| Christianity | World's largest religion |
| Hinduism | Main religion of India |
| Buddhism | Main religion of SE Asia |
| Islam | Main religion of North Africa/Middle East |
| "faith alone" | Luther belief |
| Germany | Site of Reformation |
| Vasco da Gama | Sailed around Africa to India |
| Columbus | discovered America |
| Fernán Cortés | conquered Aztecs |
| Pizarro | conquered Inca |
| Jacques Cartier | explored Canada for France |
| Protestants, Catholics | Majority religious groups that made up early America. |
| Constitutional Monarchy | Type of English government after 1689 |
| Thomas Hobbes | "Leviathan"; ruler must have authority |
| Montesquieu | the best government should be separated into 3 branches |
| Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights | U.S. documents that contain Enlightenment ideas |
| Napoleon | Came to power in France at the end of the Revolution |
| balance of power in Europe | Goal of Congress of Vienna |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | German composer |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Austrian composer |
| Franco-Prussian War | war which led to the creation of Germany |
| Bismarck | unified Germany by war and nationalism |
| coal, iron ore, transportation (rivers, canals) | natural resources needed for industry |
| Urbanization | Movement of people to the cities |
| middle class | group that grew the most during the industrial revolution |
| cotton gin | increased the demand for slave labor on American plantations |
| Suez | important canal in Egypt |
| Treaty of Versailles | forced Germany to accept guilt for WWI |
| Russia | Revolution here in 1917 |
| Bolsheviks | group that led Russian Revolution |
| mandate system | created after WWI to administer colonies on a temporary basis |
| reparations | German payments to repay all of Europe for WWI |
| Great Purge | Millions in the Soviet Union died as a result of this Stalin policy |
| Ethiopia | Mussolini invaded this nation in 1935 |
| Manchuria | Area of China invaded by Japanese |
| D-Day | Name for 1944 Allied invasion of Europe |
| Hiroshima, Nagasaki | 2 Japanese cities hit with atomic bombs |
| Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor | Event which brought USA into WWII |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | U.S. President during most of WWII |
| Final Solution | Nazi decision to exterminate European Jews |
| Armenian | Genocide by Ottomans during WWI |
| Rwanda | Genocide of Tutsi minority by Hutu here |
| Yugoslavia | Genocide of Muslims and Croats by Bosnian Serbs here |
| Nuremberg | Nazi war crimes trials |
| East | Part of Germany that became Communist after WWII |
| Japan | Nation that became the dominant economy in Asia after WWII |
| Yalta | WWII conference that divided Germany |
| satellites | Name given to Soviet -controlled nations |
| yellow peril | perceived threat of Japanese imperialism |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. Alliance of countries during WWI |
Created by:
dlevis
Popular World History sets