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Anatomy & Physiology
Reproductive System-Female
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The root word that means ovum is | oo or oo- |
| The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called ____ | oocytes or eggs |
| List two functions of the ovaries. secretion of progesterone and estrogen secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) production of oocytes | secretion of progesterone and estrogen production of oocytes |
| What are the primary sex organs in females called? | ovaries |
| three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system. monitor blood sugar levels secrete the gonadotropins FSH and LH facilitate the development of the offspring prod. female sex hormones prod. and maintain female sex cells | facilitate the development of the offspring produce female sex hormones produce and maintain female sex cells |
| The organs that produce and secrete oocytes and female sex hormones are called the | ovaries or ovary |
| What is located in the medulla of the ovary? | blood vessels and nerves |
| The primary sex organs (gonads) in females are the | ovaries |
| The outermost region or layer of the ovary where the oocytes develop is called the | cortex |
| Which term refers to the connective tissue capsule of the ovaries? | tunica albuginea |
| Millions of primordial follicles form in the ovarian cortex before birth. A primordial follicle consists of a layer of follicular cells surrounding a single, large cell called a _____ oocyte | primary |
| The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called _____ | oocytes |
| The inner portion of the ovary that contains the large arteries and veins is the ______ | medulla |
| The cortex of the ovary is the ______ layer. | outer |
| Which term refers to ovarian stem cells that give rise to oocytes? | oogonia |
| Which structures are formed in the ovary prior to birth? secondary oocytes primordial follicles first polar bodies zygotes | primordial follicles |
| What is located in the medulla of the ovary? oocytes blood vessels and nerves developing follicles corpora lutea | blood vessels and nerves |
| The outermost region or layer of the ovary where the oocytes develop is called the | cortex |
| The number of oocytes in the ovary steadily ______ from birth to menopause. | decreases |
| The ovarian stem cells that generate oocytes are | oogonium, or oogonia |
| What is a primary oocyte? A female gamete after ovulation. A developing female gamete undergoing meiosis. A developing female gamete that has completed meiosis II. A female gamete during fertilization. | A developing female gamete undergoing meiosis. |
| What do oogonia develop into? | primary oocytes |
| Baby girls are born with ______ oocytes than are present at puberty. fewer more the same number of | more |
| The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs. | accessory |
| Which structures are formed in the ovary prior to birth? first polar bodies primordial follicles secondary oocytes zygotes | primordial follicles |
| The pathway through which the secondary oocyte to travels from the ovary to the uterus is called the _____ tube. | uterine or fallopian |
| The developing female gametes, as they progress through meiosis I, are called ______. | primary oocytes |
| Which cell type gives rise to primary oocytes? | oogonia |
| What are fimbriae? | Finger-like extensions of the uterine tube. |
| In the female, the internal accessory reproductive organs are a pair of uterine tubes, a(n) ___ , and a(n) ___ | 1. Uterus 2. Vagina |
| tissue found in the uterine tubes. mucosal layer-simple ciliated squamous epithelium mucosal layer-simple ciliated columnar epithelium muscular layer-smooth muscle outer covering of peritoneum | mucosal layer---simple ciliated columnar epithelium muscular layer---smooth muscle outer covering of peritoneum |
| Ciliary action and peristaltic contractions in the ______ help to transport the secondary oocyte toward the uterus. uterine tube vagina vaginal orifice ovary | uterine tube |
| What is the name of the fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum of a uterine tube? fimbriae corona radiata ampullae isthmus | fimbriae |
| Normally, where does fertilization occur? in a uterine tube in an ovary in the uterus at the cervical orifice | in a uterine tube |
| The uterine tubes are lined with cells that have ___ on their free surfaces, which move to propel the oocyte toward the uterus. | ilia |
| The myometrium is the layer of the uterine wall that consists of ______. | smooth muscle |
| Which is the inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall? | endometrium |
| The serous layer of the uterus is the | perimetrium |
| True or False: The uterosacral ligament passes through the inguinal canal. | False |
| In the pelvic cavity, the uterus is located ______ to the vagina and ______ to the urinary bladder. | superior; superior |
| Which three of the following are functions of the vagina? | provides a passageway for the fetus to exit the body during birth conveys uterine secretions to the outside of the body receives the erect penis during sexual intercourse |
| The lower one-third, or neck, of the uterus is called the | cervix |
| The ______ orifice is partially closed by a thin membrane of connective tissue called the hymen. | vaginal |
| Where is the perimetrium located? around the outside of the uterus in the middle, muscular layer of the uterus lining the uterus between the vaginal opening and the anus | around the outside of the uterus |
| Name the transverse ridges found in the vagina. cervical glands spiral prominences vaginal rugae vaginal columns | vaginal rugae |
| Which ligaments attach the posterior side of the uterus to the sacrum? | uterosacral ligaments |
| Which of the following is a function of the vagina? allows for oogenesis secretes estrogen and progesterone acts as a passageway for the fetus during birth supports the fetus and embryo during development | acts as a passageway for the fetus during birth |
| The female external accessory organs are collectively referred to as the _____ , and include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibular glands. | vulva |
| What is the name for the most inferior part of the uterus, extending into the upper vagina? cervix correct endometrium fundus infundibulum | Cervix |
| The clitoris, labia minora, labia majora, and vestibular glands are female ______ reproductive organs. gonadal internal external | external |
| The thin sheath of connective tissue that partially covers the vaginal orifice is the ____. | hymen |
| What is the name of the subcutaneous pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubis, as indicated in the image? Multiple choice question. mons pubis correct perineum vaginal orifice vestibule | |
| Transverse ridges in the vaginal wall are called vaginal | rugae |
| The female organ that is composed of two columns of erectile tissue called corpora cavernosa is the ____. One end is attached to the pubic arch and the other end is richly supplied with sensory nerve fibers. | clitoris |
| List three components of the vulva. cervix myometrium labia minora clitoris labia majora | labia minora clitoris labia majora |
| The erectile organ of the female genitalia, homologous to the male penis, is called the | clitoris |
| All of the following are external accessory organs of the female reproductive system except the ______. uterine tubes vestibular glands clitoris labia minora | uterine tubes |
| The ______ is the area of female external genitalia enclosed by the labia. vestibule cervix. infundibulum | vestibule |
| The mound of adipose tissue, covered with pubic hair, superficial to the pubic symphysis is called the ____ pubis | mons |
| The ______ are thin, hairless folds of skin medial to the ______. | labia minora; labia majora |
| A pair of glands that lies on either side of the vaginal opening are the ____ glands. If sexual stimulation is sufficiently intense, parasympathetic impulses stimulate these glands to secrete mucus into the vestibule. | vestibular, Bartholin's, or Bartholin |
| Which female organ is homologous to the penis in males with the same embryological origin and a similar structure? | clitoris |
| The ______ are paired masses of erectile tissue deep to the mucosa of the vestibule. | vestibular bulbs |
| Name the space enclosed by the labia minora. vestibule mons pubis cervix perineum | vestibule |
| Indicate two openings found within the vestibule. anal orifice vaginal orifice urethral orifice | vaginal orifice urethral orifice |
| List three responses to parasympathetic impulses during the female sexual response. | -by vestibular glands -engorgement (with blood) of erectile tissues -engorgement (with blood) of wall of vagina |
| Describe the function of the greater vestibular glands. produce and release testosterone. secrete estrogen and progesterone after ovulation. produce a lubricating secretion. glands produce milk. | The glands produce a lubricating secretion |
| What are the vestibular bulbs? Erectile tissue in the vestibular floor that surrounds the vaginal orifice. Glands found at the base of the penis that secrete mucus. Glands found at the base of the perineal triangle that secrete mucus. Glands t | Erectile tissue in the vestibular floor that surrounds the vaginal orifice. |
| The ______ is the area of female external genitalia enclosed by the labia. cervix infundibulum vestibule | vestibule |
| During the female sexual response, secretion by the vestibular glands results from a ______ reflex mediated by the sacral spinal cord. | parasympathetic |
| Flattened longitudinal folds that converge anteriorly to form a hood-like covering around the clitoris are called the labia _____ | minora |
| The female orgasm involves which two responses? | Reflexes involving the sacral and lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Swelling of the vagina as it engorges with blood, just prior to orgasm. |
| The process of the maturation of an oocyte is called ______. spermatogenesis mitosis fertilization oogenesis | oogenesis |
| The ______ are paired masses of erectile tissue deep to the mucosa of the vestibule. vestibular glands vestibular bulbs paraurethral glands | vestibular bulbs |
| Beginning at puberty, primary oocytes continue meiosis. The resulting cells are secondary oocytes in which the original chromosome number is ______. | halved |
| Which two products are the result of a primary oocyte completing the first meiotic division? zygote first polar body secondary oocyte second polar body | first polar body secondary oocyte |
| During oogenesis, the primary oocyte divides, forming a secondary oocyte and a small nonviable (unable to survive) daughter cell. What is the name of this nonviable cell? | first polar body |
| The pleasurable sensation of physiological and psychological release, during which spinal reflexes cause contraction of the muscles of the perineum, uterine wall, and uterine tubes, is called a(n) | orgasm |
| A primary oocyte is stimulated to continue meiosis. The resultant cell has ______ chromosomes. | 23 |
| The second polar body forms ______. | when the secondary oocyte is fertilized and undergoes a second meiotic division |
| As a follicle matures, its primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I, giving rise to a secondary oocyte and the ______ polar body. second first | first |
| The female orgasm involves which two responses? | Reflexes involving the sacral and lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Swelling of the vagina as it engorges with blood, just prior to orgasm. |
| The formation of the ______ polar body occurs only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized. | second |
| The process in which egg cells (oocytes) are developed is called | oogenesis |
| The process in which egg cells (oocytes) are developed is called | oogenesis |
| Beginning at puberty, primary oocytes continue meiosis. The resulting cells are secondary oocytes in which the original chromosome number is ______. the same halved doubled | zygote |
| Which two products are the result of a primary oocyte completing the first meiotic division? | secondary oocyte first polar body |
| If fertilization occurs, the secondary oocyte divides, forming a(n) ______ and a(n) ______. | second polar body ovum |
| What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis? | oogenesis |
| A single-celled, fertilized ovum is called a(n) | zygote |
| An outcome of polar body formation is an oocyte with ______. | a large amount of cytoplasm |
| The formation of the ______ polar body occurs only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized. | second |
| The process of the maturation of an oocyte is called ______. fertilization mitosis spermatogenesis oogenesis | oogenesis |
| Stratified follicular cells surrounding an oocyte are called ____ cells | granulosa |
| After polar body formation, the oocyte has which two of the following characteristics? | a large amount of cytoplasm a haploid number of chromosomes |
| What is the zona pellucida? | glycoprotein layer surrounding an oocyte |
| At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles. | Primary |
| A single-celled, fertilized ovum is called a(n) | zygote |
| A layer of follicle cells that participates in the synthesis of ovarian hormones is called the theca | interna |
| The cells forming the stratified layers around a primary follicle are called ____ cells | granulosa |
| The fluid-filled cavity found in an antral follicle is called the | antrum |
| A ______ or Graafian follicle is about 20 millimeters in diameter, and contains an antrum and a secondary oocyte. | mature antral |
| What is the name of the glycoprotein layer that surrounds the oocyte of a developing follicle, separating the oocyte from the granulosa cells? | zona pellucida |
| Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______. the corpus luteum primary follicles mature follicles secondary oocytes | primary follicles |
| The oocyte that is found within a mature antral follicle is a(n) ___ oocyte | Secondary |
| The layer of follicle cells that participates in the synthesis of ovarian hormones is the ______. | theca interna |
| Within the mature follicle, the secondary oocyte is surrounded by a thick zona pellucida with an attached mantle of granulosa cells called the ____ ____ | corona radiata |
| What is an antrum within the follicle of an ovary? | the fluid-filled cavity in a mature follicle |
| List two characteristics of a mature antral, or Graafian, follicle. | It is the structure that undergoes ovulation. It has a fluid-filled cavity. |
| What is the zona pellucida? | |
| A ______ is found within a mature antral follicle. It is a large, spherical cell, surrounded by a layer of glycoprotein (zona pellucida) and attached to a layer of follicular cells (corona radiata). | secondary oocyte |
| Name the layer of cells that surrounds the zona pellucida and the oocyte in mature follicles. | corona radiata |
| The fluid-filled cavity found in an antral follicle is called the | antrum |
| During the ovarian cycle, usually only one follicle, called a(n) ____ follicle, fully develops | dominant |
| Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation? | First polar body Secondary oocyte |
| A "spike" or "surge" in the blood levels of which hormone leads to ovulation? | luteinizing hormone |
| Describe the follicle that is classified as a dominant follicle. | The follicle that outpaces all others and will be ovulated. |
| Which is true regarding the time line of follicular development? | It is an ongoing process, with one mature follicle ready for ovulation every 28 days. |
| During meiosis I of oogenesis, the cytoplasm divides unequally resulting in a large ______ oocyte and a small ______ polar body. | secondary; first |
| The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of | ovulation |
| What happens to a secondary oocyte if it is not fertilized within hours? Multiple choice question. It is swept back into the ovary It degenerates. It continues meiotic division. It divides by mitosis. | It degenerates. |
| Ovulation is triggered by a spike in levels of ____ hormone in the blood. | luteinizing |
| Which organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle? | hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries |
| During the ovarian cycle, usually only one follicle, called a(n) _____ follicle, fully develops | dominant |
| It takes almost ______ days for the development of a mature antral follicle. A mature antral follicle is ready every ______ days. | 300; 28 |
| The onset of puberty begins with increased secretion of GnRH by the _____, an endocrine gland. | hypothalamus |
| The results of first meiotic division are two ______ divided cells called a ______ and a ______. | unequally; secondary oocyte; first polar body |
| After ovulation, what happens to a secondary oocyte? | It is swept into the uterine tube. |
| The main female sex hormones, produced primarily by the ovaries, are estrogen and | progesterone |
| Which three organs secrete hormones that control the maturation of oocytes and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics? | anterior pituitary gland ovary hypothalamus |
| The ovaries secrete the female sex hormone group called ____, estradiol being the most abundant. | estrogens |
| The female body is reproductively immature until the hypothalamus secretes ______, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ______ and ______. | gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH); FSH; LH |
| The two main female sex hormones, secreted mainly by the ovaries, are _____ and _____ | Field 1: estrogen Field 2: progesterone |
| The hormone that is primarily responsible for maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics is | estrogen |
| Estradiol, estrone, and estriol all belong to a group of hormones called | estrogen |
| Which hormone is secreted in large amounts at puberty and is responsible for enlargement of reproductive organs, thickening of the endometrium, and development of breast tissue? | estrogen |
| What is the main source of estrogens in a nonpregnant adult female? Anterior pituitary gland Adrenal cortex Ovaries Uterus | Ovaries |
| Rising levels of the hormone GnRH stimulates secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones to trigger the onset of ___, which is the name for the transition that begins the reproductive life of a female. | puberty |
| The hormone ______ primarily targets the uterus, preparing and maintaining the uterus during pregnancy. human chorionic gonadotropin FSH inhibin progesterone | progesterone |
| Identify three female secondary sex characteristics that are developed and maintained by estrogens. | increased vascularization of the skin increased deposition of adipose tissue in the subcutaeous layers of the breasts, thighs, and buttocks development of the breasts and ductile system of the mammary glands in the breasts |
| Increasing concentrations of estrogens cause thickening of the _____ of the uterus. | endometrium |
| Certain changes in females at puberty, like increased hair growth in the pubic and axillary regions, are related to the hormone(s) called ______ secreted by the adrenal cortex. androgens estrogen progesterone follicle stimulating hormone | androgens |
| The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the endometrium that usually begin ______ and continue until ______. | around age thirteen; around the early fifties |
| The hormone secreted by the ovaries, which promotes changes in the endometrium and helps regulate secretions of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland, is | progesterone |
| A female's first reproductive cycle is called | menarche |
| Female ______ sex characteristics include enlargement of the breasts, distribution of body fat, and the increased vascularization of the skin secondary tertiary primary | secondary |
| List in order the organs in the hierarchy of hormonal control involved in the female sexual cycle, with the organ acting first at the top of the list. | hypothalamus anterior pituitary ovaries |
| What are the effects of androgens in females? | Increased hair growth in the pubic and axillary regions. |
| The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the ______, which culminate in menstrual bleeding (menses). | endometrium |
| Maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated by the hormone called ______. | FSH |
| The hormone that is primarily responsible for maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics is | estrogen |
| The ______ secretes GnRH, which in turn stimulates the ______ to release gonadotropin FSH and LH. | hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland |
| During the proliferative phase, thickening of the glandular endometrium is due to an increasing concentration of | Field 1: estrogen |
| During which time in the reproductive cycle does the follicle mature into a antral follicle? day 0-12 day 14 day 15-20 day 20-28 | day 0-12 |
| As a follicle matures, it secretes ______ which ______ the release of LH from the anterior pituitary. | estrogens; inhibit |
| Increasing concentrations of estrogens during the proliferative phase of the reproductive cycle causes thickening of the ______. | endometrium |
| Which two events are responses to a surge in LH that occurs near the fourteenth day of follicular development? | The secondary oocyte and follicular fluid are sent out of the ovary into the uterine tube. The primary oocyte completes meiosis I, giving rise to the secondary oocyte and first polar body. |
| Female ______ sex characteristics include enlargement of the breasts, distribution of body fat, and the increased vascularization of the skin. | secondary |
| The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells. | ovulation |
| The hypothalamus secretes the hormone GnRH, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary to release the gonadotropins ____ and _____ | FSH LH |
| What occurs in the ovary during the first week or two of the reproductive cycle? | A follicle develops a fluid-filled cavity and fully matures |
| After an oocyte has been ovulated, the remnants of the follicle form a structure called the corpus ____ | luteum |
| The maturing follicle secretes estrogen that inhibits the release of ______ from the ______. | LH; anterior pituitary |
| Which hormone, released in large amounts near the fourteenth day of follicular development, stimulates meiosis of the primary oocyte and release of the secondary oocyte into the uterine tube? | LH |
| Which event occurs on about day 14 of the ovarian cycle? | Ovulation |
| The cells of the corpus luteum secrete abundant amounts of the hormones ______ and ______ during the secretory half of the monthly cycle. | estrogen; progesterone |
| Where does a corpus luteum form? | within the follicle that ovulated an oocyte |
| What occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle? | Progesterone causes the endometrium to secrete glycogen and lipids. |
| If the ovulated oocyte is not fertilized, the ______ within the ovary begins to degenerate. | corpus luteum |
| Identify two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum. | progesterone estradiol |
| The hypothalamus secretes the hormone GnRH, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary to release the gonadotropins ____ and ____ | FSH LH |
| The area of connective tissue that remains in the ovary after degeneration of the corpus luteum is called the corpus _____ | Albicans |
| After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle that released the oocyte form a temporary glandular structure in the ovary called a ______ that secretes estrogen and progesterone. | corpus luteum |
| What is the goal of the secretory phase of the uterine cycle? | Preparing endometrial tissues to provide a favorable environment for embryonic development. |
| If fertilization of an oocyte does not occur, the corpus luteum ______. | degenerates |
| After ovulation, high levels of estrogen and progesterone ______ release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland stimulate inhibit | inhibit |
| As the corpus luteum degenerates (about day 24 of the cycle), it is replaced by connective tissue. What is this remnant of the corpus luteum called? | corpus albicans |
| Menstruation begins on about day ______ of a 28-day cycle and continues for about ______ days. | 28; 5 |
| Due to the influence of progesterone, the endometrium becomes more vascular and glandular and the glands secrete more glycogen and lipids, during the _____ phase of the uterine cycle. | secretory |
| On average, a woman experiences menstruation every __ days | 28 |
| High levels of estrogens and progesterone inhibit the release of ______ by the anterior pituitary gland. Consequently, no other follicles are stimulated to develop when the corpus luteum is active. | gonadotropins (LH and FSH) |
| Which events of the reproductive cycle with their corresponding hormonal change: Increasing concentration of estrogen | Proliferative Phase |
| Which events of the reproductive cycle with their corresponding hormonal change: Increasing concentration of progesterone | Secretory Phase |
| Which events of the reproductive cycle with their corresponding hormonal change: Surge in concentration of LH | Ovulation |
| Which events of the reproductive cycle with their corresponding hormonal change: Decline in concentration of progesterone and estrogen | Menstration |
| Identify two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum | progesterone estradiol |
| When the corpus luteum degenerates, concentrations of estrogen and progesterone ______, causing vasoconstriction of the endometrial blood vessels. | decrease |
| As progesterone levels fall and endometrial arteries constrict late in the monthly cycle, what is the result? ovarian follicle development ovulation menstruation menopause | menstruation |
| The period of life in which follicles no longer mature, the concentration of estrogens decreases, and female reproductive organs shrink is called | menopause |
| The average length of the female reproductive cycle is ______ days. | 28 |
| Rising progesterone levels cause ______, while falling progesterone levels cause ______. | endometrium thickening; endometrium sloughing |
| Which condition causes the female secondary sexual structures to shrink | low estrogen levels |
| The degenerating corpus luteum secretes lower amounts of the hormones ___ and ____, causing vasoconstriction of the endometrial blood vessels. | The degenerating corpus luteum secretes lower amounts of the hormones |
| , causing vasoconstriction of the endometrial blood vessels. | menopause |
| The accessory organs of the female reproductive system specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy are called _____ glands | mammary |
| The glands located on the anterior thorax within the breasts are called ____ glands | mammary |
| The nipple for each breast is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin cells called the | areola |
| List two effects of menopause. Thinning of epithelial linings of the reproductive organs. Thinning of bones. Increase in sex drive. Increase in production of mature follicles. | Thinning of epithelial linings of the reproductive organs. Thinning of bones. |
| The lactiferous ducts of the mammary glands lead from the ______ to the ______. | alveolar ducts; outside |
| When the corpus luteum degenerates, concentrations of estrogen and progesterone ______, causing vasoconstriction of the endometrial blood vessels. | decrease |
| The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 irregularly shaped ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple. | lobes; lactiferous ducts |
| The ligaments that attach the breast to the dermis of the overlaying skin and the fascia of the pectoralis major are the ______ ligaments. areolar suspensory axillary lateral | suspensory |
| The mammary glands are located in the subcutaneous tissue within elevations called breasts. The breasts overlie the ______ muscle and extend from the ______ to the ______ ribs and from the sternum to the axillae. | pectoralis major; second; sixth |
| What is the areola of the breast? | Pigmented area around the nipple. |
| Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why? | Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females. |
| The ducts of the mammary glands that drain the alveolar ducts, carrying milk to the nipple, are the ____ ducts. | lactiferous |
| Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted. | alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple |
| The breast is attached to the dermis of the overlaying skin and the fascia of the pectoralis major by the ______ ligaments. | suspensory |
| The glands located on the anterior thorax within the breasts are called ____ glands | mammary |
| What is the definition of contraception? The prevention of pregnancy. The formation of a fertilized egg, or zygote. The sloughing off of the endometrium. | The prevention of pregnancy. |
| The birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation is called ______. coitus interruptus the diaphragm the rhythm method | coitus interruptus |
| The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 irregularly shaped ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple. | suspensory |
| Which birth control method requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation? mechanical barrier rhythm method coitus interruptus injectable contraception | rhythm method |
| Successful birth control, or , requires a method such as barriers or hormone supplements, designed to avoid fertilization or implantation after sexual intercourse. | prevent sperm cells from entering the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse |
| Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why? | Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females. |
| Which two statements describe hcemical barrier contraceptives? | They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm cells. They include creams, foams, and jellies. |
| Indicate two names used to describe the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation. | withdrawal method coitus interruptus |
| Choose the mechanism that best describes the effects of combined hormonal contraceptives. | They prevent follicle maturation and ovulation. |
| What is an example of a chemical barrier contraceptive? cream, foam, or jelly hormonal pill condom intrauterine device | cream, foam, or jelly |
| As a method of birth control, what is involved with coitus interruptus? | Withdrawal of the penis prior to ejaculation. |
| Name the type of birth control method that prevents follicle maturation and ovulation. Sponge Male and female condoms Combined hormone contraceptives Coitus interruptus | Combined hormone contraceptives |
| How does an intrauterine device (IUD) prevent pregnancy? It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur. It blocks sperm from entering the vagina. It prevents maturation and ovulation of a follicle and oocyte. | It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur. |
| Indicate which of the following statements are true about the injectable contraception method medroxyprogesterone acetate. | It prevents maturation and release of a secondary oocyte (ovulation). It may take 10-18 months after the last injection for the effects to wear off. It makes the uterine lining less hospitable for a developing embryo. |
| How do mechanical barrier contraceptives work? | prevent sperm cells from entering the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse |
| Which two statements describe chemical barrier contraceptives? | They include creams, foams, and jellies. They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm cells |
| The birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation is called ______. | coitus interruptus |
| Which contraceptive method prevents pregnancy by interfering with ovulation? IUD condom morning-after-pill contraceptive jelly | morning-after-pill |
| Which of the following statements are true about this device? IUD is totally safe and has no side effects. works by preventing ovulation. works create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation. | Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation. |
| What type of contraceptive is medroxyprogesterone acetate? | injectable contraceptive |
| Which three following statements are true about barrier birth control methods? | They prevent sperm cells from entering the female reproductive tract during intercourse. In addition to birth control, they may also protect against sexually transmitted infections. An example is a condom. |
| What is the significance of the formation of the neural tube during the fourth week of development? | first evidence of central nervous system development |
| A woman shows up for her 12-week check up. At this stage her offspring is considered a(n) ______. | fetus |
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