Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy & Physiology
Reproductive System-Male
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What does the root word -genesis mean? | origin |
| The meaning of the prefix "oo-" is a(n) ______. | ovum |
| Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______. | sperm |
| Sex cells produced by the female gonads are called ______. | ova |
| The type of cell division that produces sperm and oocytes is called | meiosis |
| The cell that enters meiosis is ______ with ______ set(s) of chromosomes. | diploid; two |
| Which of these events happens before meiosis begins? Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. One cell separates into two daughter cells. The nuclear envelope disintegrates. Chromosomes are replicated. | Chromosomes are replicated. |
| Oocytes are the sex cells of which gender? | Female |
| What term describes two chromosomes in the same cell that have the same genes? These chromosomes pair up during meiosis. | homologous chromosomes |
| Human gametes (sperm and ooocytes) are produced by which type of cell division? | meiosis |
| At the start of meiosis each cell has a total of ____ chromosomes, representing ____ set(s) of chromosomes, | 46 2 |
| The meaning of the prefix "oo-" is a(n) ______. female ovum origin breast | ovum |
| Before meiosis, each homologous chromosome is replicated so it consists of two DNA strands, each called a(n) | chromatid |
| Oocytes and sperm cells are ______; they have one copy of each type of chromosome. | Haploid |
| A pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have corresponding gene sequences are called ____ chromosomes | Field 1: homologous |
| Meiosis produces ______ in humans. | sperm cells and oocytes |
| Formation of a chromatid that contains genetic information from both parents occurs through an exchange between homologous chromosomes called ______. | crossover |
| The cell that enters meiosis is ______ with ______ set(s) of chromosomes. | diploid; two |
| A haploid cell has ______ set(s) of ______ chromosomes. | 1; 23 |
| What term describes two chromosomes in the same cell that have the same genes? These chromosomes pair up during meiosis. | homologous chromosomes |
| In meiosis II, cells start with 23 chromosomes and end up with ______ chromosomes. This process is similar to ______ since the chromosome count doesn't change. | 23; mitosis |
| During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair with each other in a process called __, and exchange parts through __. | synapsis; crossover |
| As chromosomes line up at the midline of the dividing cell during ______, maternal and paternal chromosomes are arranged randomly, some to the "right" and some to the "left." | Metaphase |
| The meaning of the prefix "oo-" is a(n) ______. | ovum |
| Each parent cell produces two daughter cells in the process of ______, while four daughter cells are produced in the process of ______. | mitosis; meiosis |
| With respect to chromosomal division, meiosis II is most similar to which cell division? | mitosis |
| During metaphase I, how do the chromosomes align at the midway point between the two poles? | Alignment is random, for some pairs the maternal chromosome is on the right and for others it is on the left. |
| Which of the following describes the products of meiosis? Diploid body (somatic) cells Haploid body (somatic) cells haploid gametes diploid gametes | haploid gametes |
| In which gender does meiosis result in one sex cell and up to three polar bodies? | females |
| The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes. | meiosis; mitosis |
| The male reproductive structures function to produce ____ cells and introduce them into the vagina. | Sperm |
| As chromosomes line up at the midline of the dividing cell during ______, maternal and paternal chromosomes are arranged randomly, some to the "right" and some to the "left." | metaphase I |
| The organs that produce gamete are classified as ______ sex organs. | Primary |
| In males, meiosis results in ______ functional sperm. In females, it results in ______ functional oocyte(s). | 4 1 |
| The products of the process of meiosis are ______. | four genetically unique daughter cells |
| Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs. | primary; accessory |
| The ______ sex organs in males are the two testes, in which sperm cells and the male sex hormones are formed. The ______ sex organs are the internal and external reproductive organs that transport sperm and secretions. | primary; accessory |
| The testes are suspended in a pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue called the | scrotum |
| The function of ______ sex organs is the formation of gametes and production of sex hormones. | primary |
| The male gonads initially develop near the kidneys in the fetus. | True |
| In which gender does meiosis result in one sex cell and up to three polar bodies? | Females |
| The testes descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum a month or two ______ birth. | before |
| The secondary sex organs include ______ reproductive organs responsible for transporting sperm cells and their secretions to the outside of the body. | the internal and external |
| Which reproductive organ is enclosed within the scrotum? seminal vesicles testis bulbourethral gland prostate gland | Testis |
| What stimulates the testes to descend during development? | testosterone |
| Where do the male gonads initially form during fetal development? | Near the kidneys |
| A connective tissue cord that extends from the testis to the floor of the abdominopelvic cavity during development is the | gubernaculum |
| The process of meiosis produces ______ genetically ______ cells. | four; different |
| What is the spermatic cord? The main tube of the epididymis. The name of the nerve supplying the testes. Sac that contains the testes. Structure that suspends the testis in the scrotum. | Structure that suspends the testis in the scrotum. |
| The descent of the testes into the scrotum is stimulated by the hormone | Testosterone |
| What is the white fibrous capsule that covers the testis? tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea perineal raphe germinal epithelium | tunica albuginea |
| The gubernaculum is a connective tissue cord that extends from the ______ to the ______ of a developing fetus. | gonad, floor of abdomopelvic cavity |
| Each lobule within the testis contains one to four ______ with spermatogenic cells in the epithelial lining. | seminiferous tubules |
| List three structures located within the spermatic cord. | blood vessels nerves ductus deferens |
| Each testis is encapsulated in a white fibrous capsule called the tunica | albuginea |
| A tough, white, fibrous capsule extends into the testis forming thin ______ that divide the testis into ______. | septa; lobules |
| Where are seminiferous tubules located? | within the testes |
| The seminiferous tubules empty into a tubular network called the ______ before exiting the testes. tunica albuginea perineal triangle epididymis rete testis | rete testis |
| Which cells in the seminiferous tubule give rise to sperm cells spermatogenic cells sustentacular cells interstitial cells | spermatogenic cells |
| Each testes is divided by septa into a smaller units called ______. | Lobules |
| What is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes? | male sex hormones |
| Each lobule within the testis contains one to four ______ with spermatogenic cells in the epithelial lining. inguin al canals ductus deferens seminiferous tubules seminal vesicles | seminiferous tubules |
| Indicate the three male accessory glands. seminal vesicle ductus deferens prostate bulbourethral gland seminiferous tubule | seminal vesicle prostate bulbourethral gland |
| The structures called ______ unite to form a complex network of channels. These channels, called ______, give rise to several ducts that join a tube called the epididymis. | seminiferous tubules; rete testis |
| ______ line seminiferous tubules and give rise to sperm cells. ______ lie in between the tubules and secrete male sex hormones. -Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig); Spermatogenic cells -Spermatogenic cells; Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig) | Spermatogenic cells; Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig) |
| Which structures/cells produce the male sex hormones? hypothalamus sustentacular cells or Sertoli cells anterior lobe of the pituitary gland interstitial cells or cells of Leydig | interstitial cells or cells of Leydig |
| Name the tubular structures located within the lobules of the testes. prostate seminal vesicles seminiferous tubules rete testis | seminiferous tubules |
| All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the ______. bulbourethral glands seminal vesicles prostate gland epididymis | epididymis |
| The seminiferous tubules empty into a tubular network called the ______ before exiting the testes. | rete testis |
| What is the function of the epididymides? site of fertilization of an oocyte site of sperm maturation site of sperm production production of testosterone | site of sperm maturation |
| Which cells in the seminiferous tubule give rise to sperm cells? interstitial cells sustentacular cells spermatogenic cells | spermatogenic cells |
| What is the name of the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct? Multiple choice question. urethra ductus deferens rete testis seminiferous tubule | ductus deferens |
| The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of which structures? | the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct |
| The site of sperm cell maturation is the ______ As they pass through this structure, sperm gain the ability to "swim." | epididymides |
| Where are the seminal vesicles located? | posterior to the urinary bladder |
| Indicate two characteristics of the fluid produced by seminal vesicles. | It contains prostaglandins. It contains fructose. |
| The tubular structure that originates at the lower end of the epididymis and ends behind the urinary bladder is the ______ ______. | ductus deferens |
| Indicate characteristics of prostatic fluid. | It contains nutrients for sperm. It contains PSA, an enzyme that liquifies semen. It is a thin, milky fluid. |
| In males, which type of gland is found on the posterior side of the bladder? | seminal vesicles |
| neutralize the acidic urethra | alkaline fluid |
| provide energy to the sperm | fructose |
| facilitate movement of sperm in the female reproductive tract | prostaglandins |
| Indicate the characteristics of the ductus deferens (vas deferens). Near its end, it dilates into an ampulla. It is part of the spermatic cord. It originates at the lower end of the epididymis. It is located within the prostate gland. | -Near its end, it dilates into an ampulla. -It is part of the spermatic cord. -It originates at the lower end of the epididymis. |
| Just outside the prostate gland, each ductus deferens unites with the duct of a seminal vesicle. The fusion of these two ducts forms the ____ duct, which passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra. | ejaculatory |
| The ducts of the prostate gland open into the ______. ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra epididymis ductus deferens | prostatic urethra |
| What is the function of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostatic secretions? | It helps liquefy semen after ejaculation. |
| Indicate two characteristics of the fluid produced by seminal vesicles. -It is an acidic fluid. -It contains prostaglandins. -It contains fructose. -It is a thin, milky fluid containing abundant mucus. | It contains prostaglandins. It contains fructose. |
| The tubular structure that originates at the lower end of the epididymis and ends behind the urinary bladder is the | prostate-specific antigen |
| The function of the bulbourethral glands is to secrete ______. | a fluid that lubricates the end of the penis |
| Indicate the characteristics of semen It is an acidic fluid containing nutrients. It is composed entirely of sperm. It contains secretions from the prostate gland. It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients. | It contains secretions from the prostate gland. It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients. |
| A patient with high levels of PSA in his blood might have an enlarged ____ gland | prostate |
| Capacitation is a process that occurs in the ______ and results in ______. | female reproductive tract; weakening of the acrosomal membranes of sperm cells |
| Just outside the prostate gland, each ductus deferens unites with the duct of a seminal vesicle. The fusion of these two ducts forms the _____ duct, which passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra. | ejaculatory |
| The ability of a sperm cell to fertilize an oocyte generally lasts about ______ after the sperm enters the female reproductive tract. 1-2 days 1-2 hours 6 days 10 days | 1-2 Days |
| Which gland secretes a fluid that functions to lubricate the tip of the penis in preparation for intercourse? | bulbourethral gland |
| The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the ______. | scrotum and penis |
| The fluid expelled during male orgasm is called | semen |
| Sperm cells cannot fertilize an oocyte until they enter the female reproductive tract. Here they undergo a process called _____, which weakens the acrosomal membranes of sperm cells. | capacitation |
| In general, the ability of a sperm cell to fertilize an oocyte lasts ______ after the sperm enters the female reproductive tract. 2-4 hours 3-5 days 10 days 24-48 hours | 24-48 hours |
| Indicate characteristics of prostatic fluid. It is a thin, milky fluid. It is a thick and very acidic fluid. It contains nutrients for sperm. It is mucus-like fluid. It contains PSA, an enzyme that liquifies semen. | It is a thin, milky fluid. It contains nutrients for sperm. It contains PSA, an enzyme that liquifies semen. |
| The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the | Scrotum |
| Indicate the characteristics of semen. It contains secretions from the prostate gland. It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients. It is composed entirely of sperm. It is an acidic fluid containing nutrients. | It contains secretions from the prostate gland. It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients. |
| Describe the dartos muscle. The muscle surrounding the cervical orifice which opens during childbirth. The layer of muscle surrounding the penile urethra. The layer of smooth muscle under the superficial fascia of the scrotum. | The layer of smooth muscle under the superficial fascia of the scrotum. |
| Capacitation is a process that occurs in the ______ and results in ______. | female reproductive tract; weakening of the acrosomal membranes of sperm cells |
| The ______ contracts when it is cold, and the scrotum becomes taut and wrinkled, holding the testes snugly against the body. | dartos muscle |
| What is the function of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostatic secretions? | It helps liquefy semen after ejaculation. |
| The pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that hangs from the lower abdominal region posterior to the penis and encloses the testes is the ______. | scrotum |
| Located in the penis are ______ column(s) of corpora cavernosa and ______ column(s) of corpora spongiosa. | 2; 1 |
| The layer of smooth muscle under the superficial fascia of the scrotum is called the _____ muscle. | Dartos |
| When exposed to cold temperatures, the testes move ______ the pelvic cavity. When exposed to warmth, the testes move ______ the pelvic cavity. | toward; away from |
| The glans penis is formed by the corpus _____, an area of erectile tissue in the penis | spongiosum |
| The cylindrical organ that conveys urine and semen through the urethra to the outside is the ______. | penis |
| The loose fold of skin at the distal end of the penis that extends to cover the glans penis is called the | prepuce |
| The shaft of the penis is composed of three columns of erectile tissue: a pair of dorsally located corpora _____ and a single ventral corpus _____ | Field 1: cavernosa or cavernosum Field 2: spongiosum |
| What is the bulb of the penis? The cap of tissue at the distal tip of the penis. The expanded portion of the corpus spongiosum located at the root of the penis. The tissue removed during the procedure called circumcision. | The expanded portion of the corpus spongiosum located at the root of the penis. |
| From the spinal cord, ______ impulses cause ______ of the arteries and subsequent ______ of the veins. Consequently, blood accumulates in the erectile tissue and produces an erection. | parasympathetic; dilation; constriction |
| The corpus spongiosum enlarges at its distal end to form which region of tissue? glans penis vas deferens prepuce epididymis | glans penis |
| Where is the prepuce found? Multiple choice question. in the testes surrounding the teste posterior to the urinary bladder covering the glans penis | covering the glans penis |
| What are possible causes of erectile dysfunction, or impotence? excessive exercise diabetes mellitus excessive cigarette smoking viagra | diabetes mellitus excessive cigarette smoking |
| Which are part of the male orgasm? | Movement of sperm and secretions into the urethra. Ejaculation of semen. Pleasurable feelings of physiological and psychological release. |
| During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an | Erection |
| The glans penis is formed by the corpus _______, an area of erectile tissue in the penis. | spongiosum |
| What is erectile dysfunction, or impotence? | The inability to achieve an erection. |
| What occurs during emission? | Sperm and glandular secretions are moved into urethra. |
| The shaft of the penis is composed of three columns of erectile tissue: a pair of dorsally located corpora ___ and a single ventral corpus _____. | Field 1: cavernosa or cavernosum Field 2: spongiosum |
| Emission occurs in response to ______ nerve impulses, which stimulate smooth muscle contraction in the walls of testicular ducts, epididymides, ductus deferentia, and ejaculatory ducts. | sympathetic |
| The culmination of sexual stimulation is called a(n) ________, a pleasurable feeling of physiological and psychological release that is accompanied by emission and ejaculation in males. | orgasm |
| What occurs during ejaculation? | Release of semen to the outside of the penis. |
| As muscular contractions within ducts cause the movement of sperm and accessory-gland secretions into the urethra, semen is formed. What is this process called? erection emission ejaculation orgasm | emission |
| Emission is primarily regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system? | sympathetic division |
| The cells of the seminiferous tubules that support and nourish the sperm-producing cells are called ____ cells | sustentacular |
| Immediately after ejaculation, ______ impulses constrict the arteries that supply the erectile tissue, reducing the inflow of blood. | sympathetic |
| Name the undifferentiated spermatogenic cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes, found in the periphery of the seminiferous tubules. | spermatogonia |
| Emission occurs in response to ______ nerve impulses, which stimulate smooth muscle contraction in the walls of testicular ducts, epididymides, ductus deferentia, and ejaculatory ducts. | sympathetic |
| What is the function of the sustentacular cells? support and nourish spermatogenic cells produce testosterone act as stem cell for sperm secrete a component of semen | support and nourish spermatogenic cells |
| Which two processes are included in spermatogenesis? Multiple select question. spermiogenesis meiosis mitosis Fertilization of an egg by a sperm. | spermiogenesis meiosis |
| Sympathetic impulses constrict the arteries that supply the erectile tissue of the penis, reducing inflow of blood after ______ Smooth muscles partially contract and the veins of the penis carry excess blood out. | ejaculation |
| Emission is primarily regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system? both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions sympathetic division parasympathetic division | sympathetic division |
| Male gametes (sperm) are reproduced by a type of cell division called | meiosis |
| During spermiogenesis, a spermatid undergoes which of the following changes? Reduction of chromosome number. Movement of spermatid toward periphery of seminiferous tubule. Growth of a flagellum. Formation of an acrosome. | Growth of a flagellum. Formation of an acrosome. |
| The process of sperm cell production (including both meiosis and development of sperm from spermatids) is called | spermatogenesis |
| Indicate which of the following are true regarding spermatogenesis. | After spermatogenesis is completed, sperm cells pass to the epididymis, where they accumulate and mature. It is the process of formation of sperm cells. It occurs in males starting at puberty. It occurs in seminiferous tubules inside the testes. |
| Highly compacted chromatin consisting of 23 chromosomes is found in the ______ of the mature sperm. tail midpiece head | Head |
| Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called | spermatogonia |
| Differentiation of a spermatid into a single, mature sperm cell is called ______. | spermiogenesis |
| The formation of spermatozoa (spermatogenesis) occurs in the ______. The resultant cells mature into sperm cells in the ______. | seminiferous tubule; epididymis |
| What is the function of the acrosome? | provide enzymes for penetrating the layers surrounding the oocyte |
| What are spermatogonia? | Cells with 46 chromosomes that will become sperm cells. |
| Which region of a sperm cell contains mitochondria organized in a spiral? | midpiece |
| During spermiogenesis, a spermatid undergoes which of the following changes? Reduction of chromosome number. Formation of an acrosome. Growth of a flagellum. Movement of spermatid toward periphery of seminiferous tubule. | Formation of an acrosome. Growth of a flagellum. |
| What is the function of the tail of a sperm? | to propel the sperm cell |
| Indicate which of the following are true regarding spermatogenesis | hypothalamus testes anterior pituitary gland |
| Indicate which organs secrete hormones that control male reproductive functions. hypothalamus testes adrenal gland thyroid gland | hypothalamus testes anterior pituitary gland |
| What is the main component found within the midpiece of a sperm cell? | mitochondria |
| The part of the sperm cell responsible for propelling the sperm is the | Tail |
| The onset of puberty is initiated by the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the endocrine organ called the | hypothalamus |
| The part of the sperm cell that contains enzymes that help in penetration of the layers around the oocyte during fertilization is the | acrosome |
| Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ _____, secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics. | testes |
| Which region of a sperm cell contains mitochondria organized in a spiral? midpiece flagellum acrosome | midpiece |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by which endocrine organ? hypothalamus thymus anterior pituitary testis | hypothalamus |
| The gonadotropins FSH and LH are released under the influence of GnRH. FSH and LH are released from the ______. | anterior pituitary gland |
| Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following? | anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus testes |
| The hormone called ______ stimulates development of the interstitial cells of the testes, which secrete androgens, mainly testosterone. | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______. | luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| In the presence of the hormones ______ and testosterone, sustentacular cells stimulate the spermatogenic cells to undergo spermatogenesis, giving rise to sperm cells. | follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| The hormone that is secreted by the sustentacular cells, preventing oversecretion of FSH by exerting negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland, is called | Inhibin |
| In males, luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ____ | interstitial or Leydig |
| Where are androgens produced? | adrenal cortex testes |
| What is the function of the acrosome? | provide enzymes for penetrating the layers surrounding the oocyte |
| Which is the most important androgen in males? | testosterone |
| Which hormone stimulates the sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules to proliferate, grow, mature, and respond to the effects of the males sex hormone testosterone? | FSH |
| Which hormone is secreted by sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules and prevents oversecretion of FSH? | inhibin |
| The hormone called ______ stimulates development of the interstitial cells of the testes, which secrete androgens, mainly testosterone. | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Which two endocrine organs produce androgens? | testes and adrenal cortex |
| Dihydrotestosterone can be produced by the enzymatic conversion of ______. | testosterone |
| In the presence of the hormones ______ and testosterone, sustentacular cells stimulate the spermatogenic cells to undergo spermatogenesis, giving rise to sperm cells. | follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| Puberty is marked by the increased production of ______ in males. | androgens |
| The hormone that is secreted by the sustentacular cells, preventing oversecretion of FSH by exerting negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland, is called | inhibin |
| In most reproductive cells, testosterone is first converted into which other hormone? progesterone estrogen dihydrotestosterone GnRH | dihydrotestosterone |
| Between the ages of thirteen and fifteen a young man's androgen production Indicate which of the following are male secondary sex characteristics caused by testosterone. | Thickening and strengthening of the bones. Enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal folds, with lowering of the pitch of the voice. Increased growth of body hair. |
| The hormone that stimulates the formation of the male reproductive organs in the embryo and causes the testes to descend into the scrotum later in development is | testosterone |
| A negative feedback loop involving the ______, the anterior lobe of the ______ gland, and the ______ controls the concentration of testosterone in the male body. | hypothalamus; pituitary; testes |
| Dihydrotestosterone can be produced by the enzymatic conversion of ______. | increases; decreases |
Created by:
McGallonOfSoup
Popular Medical sets