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CCMA M1: Pharm
CCMA Module 1: Basic Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics
| Therapeutic effects | The good effects of medication, effect of medication as intended by the provider. |
| Side effects | Undesirable, unintended actions on the body, such as nausea or dry mouth. Limits usefulness of the medication. |
| Adverse effects | Unintended, HARMFUL, actions of the medication, such as an allergic reaction. Prevents further use of medication. |
| Indications | The valid reason for the medication. The condition or disease in which the provider prescribed a medication for. |
| Contraindications | Symptoms or conditions that make a specific treatment or medication inadvisable or even dangerous. |
| Precautions | Problems that pose a lesser risk but require close observation and monitoring during medication therapy. |
| Units: micro- | ÷1,000,000 or 0.000001 |
| Units: milli- | ÷1,000 or 0.001 |
| Units: centi- | ÷100 or 0.01 |
| Units: base unit | 1 |
| Units: kilo- | ×1,000 or 1,000 |
| Imperial: 15 drops (gtt) | Metric equivalent: 1 mL |
| Imperial: 1 teaspoon (tsp) | Metric equivalent: 5 mL |
| Imperial: 1 tablespoon (tbsp) | Metric equivalent: 15 mL |
| Imperial: 1 fluid ounce (oz), 2 tbsp | Metric equivalent: 30 mL |
| Imperial: 1 cup | Metric equivalent: 240 mL |
| Imperial: 1 pint | Metric equivalent: 480 mL (about 500 mL) |
| Imperial: 1 quart | Metric equivalent: 960 mL (about 1 L) |
| Imperial: 1 gallon | Metric equivalent: 3,830 mL |
| Imperial: 2.2 pounds (lb) | Metric equivalent: 1 kilogram (kg) |
| Dosage calculations: Formula method | (Desired/Have) × Quantity = x |
| Dosage calculations: Dosage by weight | 1. Convert weight to kg (Divide lbs by 2.2) 2. Multiply weight in kg by # mg/kg/day to get daily dose 3. (Sometimes) Divvy up the daily dose into multiple doses 4. (Sometimes) convert mg to mL for liquid medications |
| Dosage calculations: Body Surface Area | ((BSAofchild in m^2)/1.7m^2) × adult dose = child's dose - Good for children up to age 12. |
| Med formulations: Aerosols | Med Route: Inhalation |
| Med formulations: Caplets | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Capsules | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Creams | Med Route: Topical, vaginal rectal |
| Med formulations: Drops | Med Route: Otic, ophthalmic, nasal |
| Med formulations: Dry powder for inhalation | Med Route: Inhalation |
| Med formulations: Elixirs | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Emulsions | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Foams | Med Route: Vaginal |
| Med formulations: Gels | Med Route: Oral, topical, rectal |
| Med formulations: Injectable liquids | Med Route: IV, IM, SubQ, ID |
| Med formulations: Liniments | Med Route: Topical |
| Med formulations: Lotions | Med Route: Topical |
| Med formulations: Lozenges | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Mist | Med Route: Inhalation, nasal |
| Med formulations: Ointments | Med Route: Topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal |
| Med formulations: Patches | Med Route: Topical |
| Med formulations: Powders | Med Route: Topical |
| Med formulations: Powders for reconstitution | Med Route: IV, IM, SubQ, ID |
| Med formulations: Solid extracts, fluid extracts | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Solutions | Med Route: Oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, rectal |
| Med formulations: Sprays | Med Route: Topical, nasal, inhalation, sublingual |
| Med formulations: Steam | Med Route: Inhalation |
| Med formulations: Suppositories | Med Route: Vaginal, rectal |
| Med formulations: Suspensions | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Syrups | Med Route: Oral |
| Med formulations: Tablets | Med Route: Oral, buccal, sublingual. vaginal |
| Med formulations: Tinctures | Med Route: Oral, topical |
| Schedule I | Substances that have a high potential for abuse and not approved medical use in the US. (ex. LSD, heroin) |
| Schedule II | Substances that have a high potential for abuse but ARE approved for medical use in the US. Prescriptions must be signed by hand. (ex. morphine, methadone, oxycodone, amphetamine) |
| Schedule III | Substances with moderate to low potential for abuse. (ex. ketamine, anabolic steroids, acetaminophen with codeine, buprenorphine) |
| Schedule IV | Substances with a low potential for abuse. (ex. tramadol, benzodiazepines) |
| Schedule V | Substances that contain limited quantities of some narcotics. (ex. antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesics) |
| Parenteral med routes: Intradermal (ID) | Locations: Skin of the upper chest, forearms, upper back |
| Parenteral med routes: Intramuscular (IM) | Locations: Deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles |
| Parenteral med routes: Subcutaneous (SQ or SubQ) | Locations: Upper arms, abdomen, buttocks, upper outer thighs |
| Parenteral med routes: Topical | Locations: On the skin |
| Parenteral med routes: Vaginal/rectal | Locations: Vagina/vulva, rectum/anus |
| Pharmacokinetics | The study of how medications move though the body. The four actions of pharmacokinetics are: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. |
| 1. Absorption | Body converts the medication into a form the body can use and it moves it into the bloodstream. Abszxorption may vary with med routes, how easily it dissolves in fat, and surface area available. |
| 2. Distribution | Transportation of the medication throughout the body via the bloodstream. Barriers such as the blood-brain barrier and the placental barrier can make medication distribution more difficult. |
| 3. Metabolism | Changes the active forms of the medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion through urine or feces. Liver is the primary organ involved (kidneys as well). |
| 4. Excretion | Removal of a medication's metabolites from the body. Mostly occurs through urine, but feces, saliva, bile, sweat glands, breast milk, and exhaled air can eliminate medications. |
| Rights of Medication Administration: Pidgeon Macaw Dove Robin Tanager Duck | Rights of Medication Administration: Patient Medication Dose Route Time Documentation |
| Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) | A manual for physicians that details information about medications. Includes an identification guide with color photographs. |
Created by:
Tea Lad
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