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TCAP Review
Vocabulary for TCAP Review 6th Grade Ancient World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polytheistic | belief in many gods |
| monotheistic | belief in only one god |
| surplus | extra, more than enough |
| scarcity | running low on resources, not enough |
| bartering | trading one good or service for another good or service, no money is exchanged |
| domestication | taming of plants and animals for human use |
| labor specialization | division of labor, people are assigned specific jobs |
| Agricultural Revolution | When people stopped being nomadic and started farming for food |
| circa | an approximate date |
| BC or BCE | Before the birth of Christ or Before the Common Era |
| AD or CE | After the birth of Christ (Anno domini) or Common Era |
| decade | 10 years |
| century | 100 years |
| nomadic | moving from place to place to find food |
| hunters-gatherers | hunted and gathered their food, life before farming |
| empire | many territories and people controlled by one goverment |
| fertile crescent | the area in the Middle East where farming and civilization was first developed |
| Hammurabi's Code | The first known set of written laws |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | The first known written story about ancient Mesopotamia |
| Deities | Gods or goddesses |
| ziggurat | large step pyramid shaped structure used to worship gods in Mesopotamia |
| cuneiform | Form of writing using wedge shapes and lines on clay tablets in Mesopotamia |
| city-state | small independently governed territory with its own laws and culture |
| irrigation | bringing water from the source to farmland using canals and ditches |
| monarchy | type of government where a king rules |
| metallurgy | melting and mixing of metals to make tools and weapons |
| papyrus | reed plant that grows wild along the Nile River used to make paper |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system made up of pictures and symbols |
| mummification | Egyptian way of wrapping the body to preserve it for the afterlife |
| Hatshepsut | Female pharaoh who encouraged trade in Egypt |
| Ramses the Great | Ruled Egypt for 66 years bringing stability, expanded territory through military conquests |
| cultural diffusion | spread of ideas from one culture to another |
| Nubia | Kingdom south of Egypt who they traded goods and ideas with |
| Sanitation systems | systems developed by Ancient India to keep the streets clean of waste, sewage systems |
| Caste System | Social structure of India that determined a persons job, who they marry, etc. |
| reincarnation | belief that a soul is reborn, belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism |
| The Vedas | sacred writings of Hinduism |
| moksha | ultimate peace for Hinduism |
| nirvana | ultimate peace for Buddhism |
| Legalism | Chinese philosophy used by the Qin Dynasty, strict laws, harsh punishments, total government control |
| unification | to bring together as one |
| Confucianism | Chinese philosophy used by the Han Dynasty that focused on respect, morals, kinship |
| silk road | network of trade routes that connected China to the rest of the world |
| maritime trade | trade over seas |
| polis | Greek city-state and the politic unit of Greece |
| direct democracy | Type of government where citizens participate directly in government |
| oligarchy | Type of government where a few wealthy men rule |
| Persian Wars | Wars fought between the Greeks & Persians. Battle of Marathon, Battle of Thermopylae, Battle of Salamis. |
| Peloponnesian Wars | Wars between Sparta and Athens which weakened Greece resulting in being overtaken by Macedonia |
| Parthenon | Temple located on the acropolis in Athens dedicated to Athena |
| Hellenistic Culture | Greek like culture spread by Alexander the Great |
| colonies | group of people who move to a new territory for resources but remain under control of their native land |
| Twelve Tables | rule of law for the Romans that were written down to create equality for citizens |
| Patricians | wealthy landowners in Rome who were part of the ruling class |
| plebeians | People in Rome who were not as wealthy, they were artisans, merchants, shopkeepers, farmers |
| Julius Caesar | Ruler who causes a civil war, is a great military leader, declares himself dictator for life which gets him assassinated by the Senate |
| Augustus Caesar | Octavian, becomes Romes first emperor |
| Pax Romana | Nearly 200 year time period of peace and prosperity in Rome |
| aqueducts | a channel used to transport freshwater to highly populated areas in the Roman Empire |
| Constantine | First emperor to become Christian in Rome, also moved the capital of the empire to Constantinople |
| Jewish Diaspora | The Romans killed thousands of Jews and forced them to scatter to different parts of the world |
| Abraham | Founder of Judaism |
| Moses | Hebrew who helped the Israelites escape Egyptian slavery |
| Saul | First king of Israel, united the 12 tribes of Israel making them a monarchy |
| David | Second king of Israel, made Jerusalem the capital of Israel |
| Solomon | Third king of Israel, built the first temple |
| Babylonian captivity | King Nebuchadnezzar forced the Jews to leave Jerusalem and live in Babylon |
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