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Cardiovascular Syste

QuestionAnswer
What are the three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system? Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Which blood vessels transport blood away from the heart? Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Where does oxygen and nutrient exchange occur in the cardiovascular system? Capillaries.
What are the two functional pumps of the heart? The right pump (deoxygenated blood to lungs) and left pump (oxygenated blood to body).
Which artery arises from the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs? Pulmonary trunk.
What is the first branch of the aortic arch? Brachiocephalic trunk (right side only).
Which arteries supply the heart muscle itself? Right and left coronary arteries.
What is the clinical significance of the carotid sinus? It contains baroreceptors that monitor blood pressure.
Which artery supplies the majority of the lateral brain (cerebral hemispheres)? Middle cerebral artery.
What is the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery in the cranial cavity? Anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
Which artery supplies the orbit and eyeball? Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid).
What is the largest branch of the external carotid artery? Maxillary artery.
Which artery supplies the thyroid gland and arises from the thyrocervical trunk? Inferior thyroid artery.
What artery passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae? Vertebral artery.
Which arteries form the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis)? Anterior/posterior cerebral, anterior/posterior communicating, and internal carotid arteries.
What is the main artery of the posterior cranial fossa? Vertebrobasilar system (vertebral + basilar arteries).
Which artery supplies the midgut (small intestine to proximal colon)? Superior mesenteric artery.
What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? Celiac trunk (supplies foregut: stomach, liver, spleen).
Which artery supplies the hindgut (distal colon to rectum)? Inferior mesenteric artery.
What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery?What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery? Superior gluteal artery.
Which artery becomes the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament? External iliac artery.
What is the major blood supply to the thigh? Deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris).
Which artery passes through the adductor hiatus to become the popliteal artery? Femoral artery.
After branching from the celiac trunk, which arteries supply the lesser and greater curvatures of the stomach? Lesser curvature: Left gastric artery (anastomoses with right gastric artery). Greater curvature: Right gastro-omental (from gastroduodenal) and left gastro-omental (from splenic).
During a thyroidectomy, which artery is at risk of damage near the superior pole of the thyroid, and what nerve runs with it? Superior thyroid artery (1st branch of external carotid), which is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve (motor to cricothyroid muscle).
What is the ligamentum arteriosum, and what fetal structure does it derive from? A fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus, which shunted blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in fetal life. Connects the aortic arch to the left pulmonary artery.
Which three arteries contribute to the "cruciate anastomosis" around the hip joint? Medial circumflex femoral (from deep femoral). Lateral circumflex femoral (from deep femoral). Inferior gluteal (from internal iliac).
Which artery is most likely affected if a patient presents with midbrain and occipital lobe ischemia? Posterior cerebral artery (terminal branch of basilar artery). Supplies: Occipital lobe (visual cortex). Midbrain via perforating branches.
Which artery pierces the interosseous membrane to anastomose with the anterior tibial artery in the leg? Perforating branch of the fibular artery (from posterior tibial).
Created by: Jose Tamayo
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