Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy & Physiology
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List three functions of the respiratory system. | obtain oxygen for the body produce vocal sounds regulate blood pH |
| The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called ______ | ventilation |
| What is the term for the exchange of gases between the blood and the air in the lungs? | external respiration |
| Where does internal respiration occur? | at the capillary networks of the body tissues |
| Which process occurs in mitochondria? | cellular respiration |
| 3 functions of the respiratory system | remove CO2 from the body regulate blood pH participate in gathering olfactory information |
| The term that refers to breathing is | respiration |
| The exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the tissues between capillary blood and the tissue fluid is called ______. | Internal respiration |
| The process of cellular respiration uses ______ to produce energy (ATP) and gives off ______. | oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| We breathe in order to take in ______ and release ______. | oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| oxygen; carbon dioxide | oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| The product of aerobic reactions that helps maintain blood pH is ______. | carbon dioxide |
| The trachea, bronchial tree, and the lungs all belong to the ______. | lower respiratory tract |
| Which structures are components of the upper respiratory tract? | sinuses nose pharynx larynx |
| The respiratory system provides ______ for aerobic reactions and eliminates ______ at the appropriate rate to maintain the pH of the internal environment. | oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| Which two are the most abundant cell types in the nasal mucosa? | -pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells -goblet cells |
| After particles get trapped in the mucus that lines the nasal cavity, cellular structures called ______ move the mucus to the pharynx for swallowing. | Cilia |
| The gas that helps maintain blood pH is ______. | carbon dioxide |
| Which components are part of the lower respiratory system? | trachea bronchial tree lungs |
| The nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx belong to the ______ respiratory tract | upper |
| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, interspersed with many mucus-secreting _____ cells, lines the nasal cavity. | goblet |
| The function of the mucus and cilia within the nasal cavity is to ______ inhaled air. | cleanse |
| The product of aerobic reactions that helps maintain blood pH is ______. | carbon dioxide |
| Smoking at first paralyzes, then destroys, the ____ of the epithelial cells that line the respiratory passages. This allows build-up of mucus and the development of "smoker's cough." | Cilia |
| Which of these structures is part of the lower respiratory system? nose pharynx sinus trachea | trachea |
| The hollow spaces located within the frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, and ethmoid bones are called _____ | sinuses, sinus, or paranasal sinuses |
| Which two are the most abundant cell types in the nasal mucosa? | pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells goblet cells |
| The segment of the respiratory tract that functions as a passageway for both food and air is the ____. It is also involved in producing sounds of speech. | Pharynx |
| After particles get trapped in the mucus that lines the nasal cavity, cellular structures called ________ move the mucus to the pharynx for swallowing. | cilia |
| The nasopharynx is a passageway posterior to the ______. | nasal cavity |
| The destruction of cilia by cigarette smoke leads to a loss of which function of the respiratory mucous membrane? | cleansing of air, prevention of pathogens and dust entering the lungs |
| Which portion of the pharynx extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis? | oropharynx |
| The paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? | sphenoid and maxillary |
| Which is the most superior portion of the pharynx? | nasopharynx |
| The inferior portion of the pharynx which extends from the epiglottis to the esophagus is the ______. | laryngopharynx |
| The portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis is the | oropharynx |
| List three cartilage components of the larynx. | thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage epiglottic cartilage |
| In which four bones are paranasal sinuses located? | frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxilla |
| Why might it be problematic to cough while eating or drinking? | Coughing involuntarily moves the epiglottis; food or drink might then enter the larynx. |
| The most superior portion of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity, extending to the soft palate, is the ______. | nasopharynx |
| What is the function of the false vocal cords? | close the airway during swallowing |
| Air passes from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx, then to the oropharynx, then into the _____ , and into the larynx. | laryngopharynx |
| The three major cartilages that make up the larynx include the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the ______ cartilage | epiglottic |
| The structure that keeps food and water out of the larynx and trachea during swallowing is the | epiglottis |
| The ______ vocal cords function to produce the sounds of speech. | true |
| Indicate two descriptions of the false vocal cords. | not part of sound production close the airway during swallowing |
| The portion of the pharynx that extends from the upper border of the epiglottis downward to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx is the ______. | laryngopharynx |
| The combination of the true vocal cords and the opening between them is called the _____ | glottis |
| What happens to particles in inhaled air that become trapped in the mucus lining the trachea? | Cilia move them into the pharynx for swallowing. |
| The folds within the larynx that vibrate to produce sounds are called the ____ vocal cords | true |
| Describe the supportive structures of the trachea. | C-shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage. |
| List the correct order for air flow, with the more proximal airway at the top of the list and the most distal airway at the bottom. | 1. Main bronchus 2. Lobar bronchus 3. Segmental bronchus 4. Intralobular bronchus 5. Terminal bronchus 6. Respiratory bronchus |
| Air from a primary bronchus travels into a secondary or ______ bronchus | Lobar |
| The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium. The cilia move the mucus toward the ______ for swallowing. | pharynx |
| Which segment of the bronchial tree has air sacs (alveoli) associated with it and, thus, can participate in gas exchange? | respiratory bronchioles |
| Which represents a proper path for incoming air flow? | intralobular bronchioles to terminal bronchioles |
| The last three segments of the bronchiole tree, in order, are alveolar _____, alveolar ______, and the alveoli. | ducts, sacs |
| During inhalation, air moving into the lobar bronchi comes from the ______ bronchi. | main |
| Gas exchange between the inspired air and the blood occurs at the ______ of the lungs. | alveoli |
| Distinguish between terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles | Respiratory bronchioles have air sacs; terminal bronchioles do not. |
| Indicate pathway of airflow from the more proximal to the more distal air passageway. | secondary bronchus → tertiary bronchus → terminal bronchiole → respiratory bronchiole |
| From respiratory bronchioles, the last three segments of the bronchial tree, in order, are ______. | alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs to alveoli |
| Each main (primary) bronchus branches into ____ bronchi | Secondary, lobar, secondary (lobar), lobar (secondary), or lobar, or secondary |
| Which structure is the site of gas exchange between inhaled air and the bloodstream? | Aveolus |
| What is the effect of bronchodilation on the diameter of the airways? | Increased dialation |
| Which represents a proper path for incoming air flow? -intralobular bronchioles to lobar bronchi -segmental bronchi to lobar bronchi -intralobular bronchioles to terminal bronchioles -terminal bronchioles to intralobular bronchioles | intralobular bronchioles to terminal bronchioles |
| The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura is called the | pleural |
| True or False: Pleural (serous) fluid decreases friction between pleural membrane layers during breathing. | True |
| What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung? | pleura |
| Which structure is the site of gas exchange between inhaled air and the bloodstream? | alveolus |
| In the respiratory system, where is serous fluid found? | in the plural cavity |
| The right lung has ______ lobes and ______ fissure(s). | 3, 2 |
| Which structure contains a thin film of serous fluid that lubricates adjacent surfaces to reduce friction during breathing? | pleural cavity |
| List three functions of the pleurae and the associated fluid. | -Compartmentalizes organs of the thoracic cavity -Holds the pleural membranes together -Reduces friction during breathing |
| The _____ pleura is a serous membrane closely attached to the lung surface. The ____ pleura lines the pleural cavity. | Field 1: visceral Field 2: parietal |
| The human left lung has ______ lobes with ______ fissures(s) between the lobes. | 2, 1 |
| The lung that has three lobes and two fissures is the ___ lung. | right |
| The ______ cavity is the potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura. | pleural |
| Another term for breathing, describing air movement into and out of the alveoli, is ______ | Ventilation |
| The ______ pleura lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity and superior surface of the diaphragm. | parietal |
| The movement of air out of the lungs is called | exhalation, expiration, or exhale |
| Identify the names of the lobes of the human left lung. | superior and inferior lobes |
| The process of moving air into the lungs is called | Inhale |
| By definition, what is expiration? | the movement of air out of the lungs |
| The lung that is divided into two parts, a superior lobe and an inferior lobe is the ____ lung | Left |
| The force that moves air into the lungs is ______ pressure. | atmospheric |
| The flow of air goes from an area with high______pressure to an area with ____ pressure. | high, low |
| The movement of air from outside the body into the bronchial tree and alveoli, followed by a reversal of this air movement is called breathing or | Ventilation |
| What is the normal air pressure at sea level? | 760 mm Hg |
| List two terms for the process that moves air into the lungs. | inspiration inhalation |
| Which two terms describe the process by which air is moved out of the lungs? | exhalation expiration |
| When we inhale, the ______ drive(s) air into our lungs. | atmospheric pressure |
| In which direction will air flow? | from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure |
| According to Boyle's law, as the volume of a container increases, the pressure of the air within the container ______. | decreases |
| Inspiration occurs as a result of ______. | decreased air pressure in the lungs |
| When the intra-alveolar pressure decreases below the atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg), air will move ______ the lungs. | into |
| Which action would increase thoracic cavity volume? | contraction of diaphragm |
| The air pressure within a container is inversely related to the volume of the container. Thus, as the volume of the container ______, the pressure of the air within it ______. | decreases; increases |
| What effect does contraction of the diaphragm have on intra-alveolar pressure? | decreases intra-alveolar pressure |
| In which situation would air flow INTO the lungs? | when intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure |
| What effect does contraction of the diaphragm have on thoracic cavity volume? | increases thoracic cavity volume |
| Which event enlarges the thoracic cavity? | contracting the external intercostal muscles |
| Which action would decrease intra-alveolar pressure? | contraction of diaphragm |
| The diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, and scalenes are considered the muscles of ______, causing that phase of ventilation. | Inspiration or inhalation |
| When the intra-alveolar pressure decreases below the atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg), air will move ______ the lungs. | into |
| When the diaphragm ______, the thoracic cavity ______. | pectoralis minor; sternocleidomastoid |
| Contracting the external intercostal muscles ______ the size of the thoracic cavity. | increases |
| What effect does contraction of the diaphragm have on intra-alveolar pressure? | decreases intra-alveolar pressure |
| List three muscles of inspiration. | external intercostals pectoralis minor diaphragm |
| In which situation would air flow INTO the lungs? | when intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure |
| List two additional muscles (along with the diaphragm and external intercostals) that are used when inhaling deeper than usual. | sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor |
| Which action would cause airflow through the airways into the alveoli? | contraction of diaphragm |
| When the diaphragm ______, the intra-alveolar pressure ______ atmospheric pressure. | contracts; falls slightly below |
| Why do the lungs expand as the rib cage lifts and the diaphragm contracts? | Lung tissue adheres to the thoracic wall due to the pleural fluid and pleural membranes; when the thoracic wall moves, the lungs are pulled along. |
| When a person needs to take a deeper than normal breath, the diaphragm and external intercostals contract more forcefully and other muscles such as the ______ and ______ also contract to help pull the thoracic cage farther upward and outward. | pectoralis minor; sternocleidomastoid |
| Air moves into the alveoli when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles __. | contract |
| What effect does contraction of the diaphragm have on intra-alveolar pressure? | decreases intra-alveolar pressure |
| decreases intra-alveolar pressure | decrease |
| When muscles of inspiration contract, the volume of the thoracic cavity ______. | increases |
| True or False: Lung expansion in response to movements of the diaphragm and chest wall depends on the pleural membranes. | True |
| The type of tissue making up the lungs accounts for ______, which contributes to the tendency for the lungs to return to their resting size after they have been stretched. | elastic recoil |
| What effect does contraction of the diaphragm have on airflow through the airways of the lungs? | air flows into the lungs and alveoli |
| The substance that functions to reduce surface tension within alveoli is called | surfactant |
| During the phase of ventilation called _______ contraction of respiratory muscles cause an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity. | inhalation |
| Air moves out of the lungs when the size of the thoracic cavity ______. | decreases |
| List three factors that allow for the lungs to undergo normal expiration (reduction of lung volume to resting state). | surface tension within alveoli elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall recoil of compressed abdominal organs |
| During quiet breathing, expiration is a(n) ______ process, since it relies on the recoil of elastic tissues to change thoracic cavity volume. | passive |
| Which action would cause airflow through the airways into the alveoli? | contraction of diaphragm |
| The function of surfactant is to ______ the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, reducing the tendency for the alveoli to collapse. | Decrease |
| Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles causes ______. | forceful expiration |
| For expiration to occur, the size of the chest cavity ______. | decreases |
| True or False: A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to measure air volumes in order to evaluate the course of respiratory illnesses. | False |
| Which three of the respiratory volumes can be directly measured using spirometry? | tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume |
| During quiet breathing, inspiration is ______ and expiration is ______. | active; passive |
| When the ______ muscles relax, they cause a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. | inspiratory |
| Name the respiratory volume that is defined as the amount of air moved in, then out, during a single respiratory cycle. | tidal volume (TV) |
| During forceful expiration, which of these muscles are contracting? | internal intercostal muscles |
| What is the name of the medical device used to measure air volumes (except the residual volume)? | spirometer |
| Define inspiratory reserve volume. | volume of air from normal inspiration to maximal inspiration |
| The respiratory volume called the ______ cannot be directly measured using spirometry. | Residual volume |
| Which is a passive process? | quiet expiration |
| The volume of air that enters or leaves the airways and alveoli during a respiratory cycle is called the _____ volume | tidal |
| After a normal inspiration, one can continue to inhale, forcibly drawing in an additional volume of air. This extra inhaled volume is called inspiratory ____ volume. | Reserve |
| Which lung capacity is calculated by adding the tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? | Vital capacity (VC) |
| Which volume is defined as the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond the tidal volume? | expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
| The maximum volume of air a person can inhale following a resting expiration is called the vital Field 1 Field 1 _____ capacity. It is calculated as TV + IRV. | IC or Inspiratory |
| The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration is called the ______ volume. | residual |
| Which of these calculated volumes typically has the greatest value? | total lung capacity |
| The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is called the _____ capacity. | Vital |
| Which respiratory capacity is calculated by adding the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume? | inspiratory capacity (IC) |
| Which volume is defined as the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration? | residual volume (RV) |
| Which lung capacity is calculated by adding the expiratory reserve volume and the residual volume (ERV + RV)? | functional residual capacity (FRC) |
| What is the correct formula for calculating total lung capacity (TLC)? | residual volume + vital capacity (RV + VC) |
| Name the space occupied by air that remains in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles after inhalation. | anatomic dead space |
| What is the name for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting (quiet) expiration? | functional residual capacity (FRC) |
| What is alveolar dead space? | volume of air in nonfunctional alveoli |
| What is the term used to describe the combination of the anatomical dead space and the alveolar dead space? | physiological dead space |
| Define minute ventilation. | amount of air moved into airways per minute |
| The space occupied by inhaled air not used for gas exchange is called the ____ dead space. The inhaled air remains in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. | Anatomic |
| What is regulated by the respiratory areas of the brainstem? | depth and rate of breathing |
| The ______ respiratory center includes two groups of neurons called the ventral respiratory group (VRG) and the dorsal respiratory group (DRG). | medullary |
| The volume of air located in nonfunctional alveoli makes up the ______ dead space. | alveolar |
| The combination of the anatomical dead space and the alveolar dead space is called the _____ dead space | physiological or physiologic |
| List two characteristics of the pontine respiratory group. | -located in the pons -influences the basic rhythm of breathing by limiting inspiration |
| When blood oxygen levels change, signals are sent to the ______, initiating a reflex that will increase or decrease breathing rate as needed. | brainstem |
| The medullary respiratory center is composed of which two areas? | dorsal respiratory group ventral respiratory group |
| Which term describes the amount of pressure each gas in a mixture contributes to the overall gas pressure? | partial pressure |
| Why do normal fluctuations in blood oxygen levels have little influence on respiratory control? | Systemic venous blood is still 75% saturated, so oxygen is still abundant. |
| Which respiratory control center influences the rhythm of breathing by limiting inspiration? | pontine respiratory group |
| What is directly monitored by the central chemoreceptors? | pH of the brain |
| The ______ respiratory center includes two groups of neurons called the ventral respiratory group (VRG) and the dorsal respiratory group (DRG). | Medullary |
| In a mixture of gases, the amount of pressure each gas contributes to the total pressure is called the ____ pressure of the gas | partial |
| Because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, ______ does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low. | oxygen |
| Carbonic acid is formed when ______ reacts with water in body fluids. | carbon dioxide |
| The concentration of a specific gas in a mixture of gases is proportional to the ______ of that gas. | partial pressure |
| What happens to respiration when blood levels of carbon dioxide increase? | increased alveolar ventilation |
| In body fluids, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ____ acid | carbonic |
| What is directly monitored by the central chemoreceptors? | pH of the brain |
| Indicate two changes that will trigger increased alveolar ventilation. | -increased blood levels of CO2 -decreased blood pH |
| Breathing rate and tidal volume increase when ______ levels in the body ______. | carbon dioxide; increase |
| Hyperventilation causes carbon dioxide levels in the blood to ______. | decrease |
| A higher-than-normal breathing rate that lowers blood CO2 concentration is termed | hyperventilation, tachypnea, or hyperventilating |
| If lactic acid builds up in the bloodstream as a result of exercise, ______ chemoreceptors will ______ the respiratory centers. | peripheral; stimulate |
| Indicate the three statements that apply to the regulation of breathing. | Low blood oxygen levels have little direct effect on the central chemoreceptors. Blood oxygen levels must be very low to trigger or stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors. Oxygen levels play only a minor role in the control of normal respiration. |
| What is the effect of hyperventilation? | Blood CO2 decreased below normal. |
| Define hyperventilation. | Ventilation that exceeds needs of the body, lowering blood CO2 levels. |
| An increase in blood CO2 or a decrease in blood pH will lead to which change in respiration? -alveolar ventilation will decrease -alveolar ventilation will increase | alveolar ventilation will increase |
| Which of the following would cause a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood? -hyperventilation -hypoventilation -apnea | hyperventilation |
| The ______ are the sites of gas exchange between the air and the blood. | alveoli |
| When blood oxygen levels decrease dramatically, _______ chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies stimulate the respiratory centers of the brain to _____ breathing rate. | Peripheral, increase |
| What are alveoli? | air sacs |
| Type I alveolar cells function in ______. | gas exchange |
| Describe the interaction between blood oxygen levels and the regulation of respiration. | Blood oxygen has little direct effect on central chemoreceptors. |
| Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs at the _____ of the lungs | alveoli or alveolus |
| Type ______ alveolar cells secrete surfactant. | II |
| It is necessary that the respiratory membrane be ______ in order to allow adequate gas exchange. | thin |
| Microscopic air pouches clustered at the distal ends of the alveolar ducts are called | alveoli |
| The respiratory membrane is also known as the ____ ____ membrane | Field 1: alveolar Field 2: capillary |
| Type ______ alveolar cells are simple squamous epithelial cells that allow diffusion of gases between the alveolar air and capillary blood. | I |
| The difference in distribution of gases between two areas, such as within the alveoli and alveolar capillaries, is called the partial pressure | Field 1: gradient or gradients |
| What is the function of type II alveolar cells? | secrete surfactant |
| Almost all of the oxygen diffusing into the alveolar capillaries becomes bound to the protein called ______ on the surfaces of red blood cells | hemoglobin |
| At the alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide must diffuse through the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. These two tissue layers are collectively known as the respiratory ________. | membrane |
| Type I alveolar cells function in ______. | Gas exchange |
| When oxygen combines with hemoglobin, the resulting molecule is called | Field 1: oxyhemoglobin |
| Which factor determines the direction and degree of diffusion of a gas? | partial pressure gradients |
| Which method is used to carry approximately 98% of the oxygen in the blood? | bound to the iron portion of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells |
| Which name is given to hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen atoms? | oxyhemoglobin |
| A gas will diffuse from an area of ______ partial pressure for the gas to an area of ______ partial pressure. | higher; lower |
| How many oxygen molecules can be carried by one hemoglobin molecule? | 4 |
| The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ______ as the PO2 increases. | increases |
| The PO2 in the tissue fluid is ______ mm Hg. | 40 |
| An increase in acidity, PCO2 , or temperature will ______ the amount of oxygen that hemoglobin releases. | An increase in acidity, PCO2 , or temperature will ______ the amount of oxygen that hemoglobin releases. |
| Since exercising muscle is actively metabolizing, producing high levels of CO2, oxygen release from the blood would be ______. | increased |
| Hemoglobin binds ______ more tightly than it binds oxygen, thus reducing oxygen delivery to tissues. | carbon monoxide |
| As blood passes through the tissue (systemic) capillaries, oxygen is ______ because the Po2 in the tissue fluid is ______ than the Po2 in the blood of those capillaries. | dropped off; lower |
| Indicate three factors that will cause an increase in the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin in the tissues. | increased PCO2 decreased pH increased temperature |
| What is anHow much of the carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved in plasma? example of a tissue site with increased PCO2 and temperature, resulting in increased release of oxygen from hemoglobin? | exercising muscle |
| List three forms by which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. | dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions as carbaminohemoglobin |
| Why is carbon monoxide exposure dangerous? | Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, making the release of oxygen more difficult. |
| The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ______ as the PO2 increases. | increase |
| An increase in acidity, PCO2 , or temperature will ______ the amount of oxygen that hemoglobin releases. | increase |
| How much of the carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved in plasma? | 7% |
| Carbon dioxide is transported as different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? | as bicarbonate ions |
| Hemoglobin binds ______ more tightly than it binds oxygen, thus reducing oxygen delivery to tissues. | carbon monoxide |
| The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin increases as the partial pressure of ______ increases. | oxygen |
| When carbon dioxide combines with water, the compound ______ is formed. | carbonic acid |
| About 7% of the carbon dioxide found in the blood is ______. | dissolved in plasma |
| The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water is carbonic | anhydrase |
| Name the compound formed when carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin to be transported in the blood. | carbaminohemoglobin |
| Carbon dioxide combines with ____ to form carbonic acid. | water |
| Carbonic acid dissociates into which two components? | bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions |
| Carbon dioxide is transported as different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? | as bicarbonate ions |
| Name the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid (or the reverse). | carbonic anhydrase |
| What is carbaminohemoglobin? | carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin |
| When carbon dioxide combines with water, the compound ______ is formed. | carbonic acid |
| Carbon dioxide and water combine to form ______, which dissociates into ______ and hydrogen ions. | carbonic acid; bicarbonate |
| Indicate the fate of the hydrogen ions produced by the dissociation of carbonic acid. | bind to deoxyhemoglobin |
| Which equation correctly illustrates what happens in the tissues, as carbon dioxide is picked up by the blood? | CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3- |
| When carbonic acid dissociates, most of the resulting hydrogen ions bind quickly to | hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin |
Created by:
McGallonOfSoup
Popular Medical sets