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Poultry Introduction
Mckeith COS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pullet | young female chicken |
| hen | mature female chicken |
| rooster | intact (uncastrated) male chicken |
| layer | female chicken producing eggs |
| capon | castrated male chicken |
| how many eggs can a layer lay? | approx. 300 per year |
| when are you make chicken castrated ? | between 3-4 weeks |
| cockerel | immature male chicken under 1 year |
| spent hen | a hen that is no longer laying eggs |
| poult | young female turkey under 10 weeks |
| hen | mature female turkey |
| tom | mature intact male turkey |
| BREEDS | BREEDS |
| Single White Leghorn | used for egg production lay white eggs white in color |
| New Hampshire Reds | used for meat and eggs lays brown eggs red in color |
| Barred Plymouth Rocks | used for meat and eggs lay brown eggs black and white in color has a pattern. solid white |
| U.S. POULTRY | U.S. POULTRY |
| 85 % of eggs come from how many companies? | 2000 |
| how many growers provide 18% of production? | 20,000 |
| importance of poultry industry? | dynamic short period adjusts rapidly to economic changes. |
| importance of poultry industry? | layers provide continuous food source produces several times its weight in eggs rich in nitrogen and organic material |
| what species makes the biggest part of the poultry sector? | chickens |
| typical poultry facility | 160 acres • 3 to 4 houses • 64-70,000 birds/barn (1 sq. ft./ bird) • 6.5/year turnover/house • Total production/year: 400,000 to 450,000 birds |
| broilers | Harvested at 7-9 weeks o Females take longer than males • Market weight of broilers: 3-5 lbs • Housed in confinement o Protection, disease control, efficiency • Lit dimly to reduce cannibalism |
| breeding flocks | Lighting very important o Growth, development, and maturity • Commercial poultry are photosensitive o Increase light: GOOD o Decrease light: BAD • Restrictive Feeding: o necessary • Greatly impact egg number and fertility |
| breeding flocks | Hatchery o Eggs are stored 0 to 10 days prior to being place in incubator • 55-68⁰ F o Hatchlings are processed and then transported to commercial grow-out facilities • Vaccinating • Debeaking • Comb Clipping • Wing Banding |
| laying hens | Pullets are grown in cages until 16 to 17 weeks • First year approx. 200 eggs • Reaches peak egg production w/ 4 to 6 weeks after laying eggs • When birds slow down to 50% • Process restarts egg laying cycle •no longer laying eggs goes to slaughter |
| what is the purpose of egg candling? | Determine condition on air cell, yolk, and white. • Detect bloody white, blood spots, meat spots |
| what is candling? | Incubated eggs candled to determine fertility and check growth and development of embryo |
| composition of an egg | 65% water o 12% protein • Nutritive Value o 70 calories o 11% fat |
| egg sizing | 56 lbs 30 oz - Jumbo 50.5 27 oz -Extra Large 45 lbs 24 oz -Large 39.5 21 oz- Medium 34 lbs 12 oz- Small 28lbs 15 oz- peewee |
Created by:
MariaGR
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