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6SS Chapter 5
Middle East
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Mesopotamia mean? | land between two rivers |
| Which 2 rivers run through Mesopotamia? | Tigris & Euphrates |
| What did Mesopotamians build to control the river's flow? | canals |
| What is the Fertile Crescent? | the region of rich farmland between the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf |
| What made the land fertile for farming when the rivers flooded the area? | silt |
| What did the geography of Mesopotamia consist of? | a mountainous north and low-lying south |
| What problems did early Mesopotamians experience? | flooding & little rainfall |
| Where was ancient Mesopotamia located in the present day Middle East? | Iraq |
| What is silt? | a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks |
| Which part of the Euphrates River flows into the Persian Gulf? | the mouth |
| Who served as a link between the Sumerians and the gods? | the priests |
| Who established the first empire? | Sargon |
| What is cuneiform? | a form of writing using wedge-shaped symbols |
| What was the world's first civilization called? | Sumer |
| Who created the world's first civilization? | the Sumerians |
| Who performed religious ceremonies? | the priests |
| What are ziggurats? | large temples built by the Sumerians |
| What was the basic political unit of Sumer called? | city-state |
| What is an example of polytheism? | the religion of the Sumerians |
| What did the Sumerians believe about gods? | they controlled every aspect of life |
| What did the Sumerians first use cuneiform for? | to keep records of business |
| What type of homes did most Sumerians live in? | 1-story homes |
| What Akkadian emperor ruled for 50 years? | Sargon |
| What are the social classes of the Sumerians? | Kings, priests, craftspeople, and merchants, laborers, slaves |
| What is a food surplus? | having more food than is needed |
| What number is the Sumerians math system based on? | Sixty |
| Who was the first epic written about? | a hero named Gilgamesh |
| Describe the city of Ur. | harbors and canals, a giant temple, and a maze of houses and shops |
| What did the Sumerians use to build vehicles such as carts? | the wheel |
| How did Sumerians sign documents? | by rolling their cylinder seal over it |
| What did the Sumerians excel in? | math and medicine |
| Who were the first people to master iron-making? | the Hittites |
| What is a chariot? | a wheeled, horse-drawn cart |
| What city in Iraq was located near present-day Baghdad? | Babylon |
| Who were the first people to write stories and poems about gods and military victories? | the Babylonians |
| What made writing easier for the Phoenicians? | the development of an alphabet |
| How did the Assyrians spread terror before attacking? | by looting villages and burning fields |
| What did the Hittites and Assyrians use in battle? | iron weapons and chariots |
| What present-day country was Phoenicia located in? | Lebanon |
| Why did the Phoenicians mainly use the sea for trade? | because the overland trade routes were blocked |
| What was Phoenicia well known for? | cedar wood |
| What was Hammurabi best known for? | his code of laws |
| What was the next major power to rule the region after the fall of Ur? | Babylon |
| When did the Babylonians power decline? | soon after Hammurabi's death |
| What famous Chaldean king rebuilt the city of Babylon? | Nebuchadnezzar |
Created by:
masonteach
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