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AP World History

Terms for Chapters 9-10

TermDefinition
Taiping Uprising Massive Chinese civil war against the Qing Dynasty. (based on a unique interpretation of Christianity and radical social reforms)
Opium Wars Wars between China and Britian because Britian wouldn't stop opium exports.
Commissioner Lin Zexu The commander in China that was sent to destroy opium, mostly from foreign ships.
Unequal Treaties Treaties between China and Western powers after Opium War that greatly favored the West.
Informal Empires Area dominated by Western powers but retained own government and measure of independence.
Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-1895) A time of reforms in the late Qing Dynasty in response to military defeats and foreign pressure.
Boxer Uprising An uprising in China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence.
Chinese Revolution of 1911-1912 Ended the Qing Dynasty (and China's imperial order/rule)
"The Sick Man of Europe" Refers to a European state (Ottoman Empire most famously) having economic decline, social unrest, and political instability.
Tanzimat Series of reforms implemented in the Ottoman Empire (aimed to modernize the state).
Young Ottomans Movement of young scholars to institute liberal reforms and build the feeling of national identity.
Sultan Abd al-Hamid II Ottoman sultan who accepted a reform constitution but then suppressed it.
Young Turks Members of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire.
Tokugawa Japan Military in Japan recognized by a rigid social hierarchy, isolationist policies, and a period of relative peace and economic growth.
Meiji Restoration Series of events that restored imperial rule in Japan under Emperor Meiji. (time of Japan's industrialization)
Russo-Japanese War War between Russian empire and Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions. (first victory of Asian power over European nation)
Scientific Racism Misusing science to promote beliefs that one racial group is superior.
Civilizing Mission Belief that Western powers had a duty to "civilize" the "primitive" peoples around the world.
Social Darwinism Applying Darwin's theory of evolution to human societies, making one race naturally superior.
Scramble for Africa The invasion, occupation, and colonization of most of Africa by European powers. (driven by the desire for resources/markets)
Settler Colonies Territory outside Europe where a large number of European immigrants settled.
Indian Rebellion Unsuccessful uprising against British rule in India sparked by the new rifle cartridges greased with animal fat (they offended Hindu and Muslim soldiers)
Congo Free State Large, privately owned state in Central Africa claimed by King Leopold II of Belgium.
Cultivation System Dutch colonial policy that forced farmers to dedicate a portion of their land to cash crops for export.
Cash-Crop Production The cultivation of crops primarily for sale and profit rather than personal consumption.
Female Circumcision The mutilation of the external female genitalia.
Africanization of Christianity Christian in non-Muslim Africa blended Christian beliefs with practices from their pre-existing African traditions.
Hinduism Indian religious and spiritual tradition with beliefs in reincarnation, karma, and the pursuit of liberation.
Vivekananda Key figure in the revival and introduction of Hinduism to the western world.
African Identity Sense of belonging and shared experiences, culture, and history among people of African decent.
Edward Blyden African scholar and political leader that advocated for unity and self-determination for people of African descent.
Idea of "Tribe" An idea used by European powers to simplify the control of non-European societies.
Created by: Gemm
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