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HSII Chpt. 10 MT
Chapter 10: Neurology MT (All Terms)
| access/o- | supplemental or contributing part |
| affer/o- | bring toward the center |
| alg/o- | pain |
| alges/o- | sensation |
| angi/o- | blood vessel; lymphatic vessel |
| arachn/o- | spider; spider web |
| arteri/o- | artery |
| arter/o- | artery |
| astr/o- | starlike structure |
| audit/o- | the sense of hearing |
| autonom/o- | independent; self-governing |
| axi/o- | axis |
| blast/o- | immature; embryonic |
| bi/o- | life; living organisms; living tissue |
| carp/o- | wrist |
| caus/o- | burning |
| cavit/o- , cav/o- | hollow space |
| cephal/o- | head |
| cerebell/o- | cerebellum (posterior part of the brain) |
| cerebr/o- | cerebrum (largest part of the brain) |
| clon/o- | rapid contracting and relaxing |
| cochle/o- | cochlea (of the inner ear) |
| comat/o- | unconsciousness |
| concuss/o- | violent shaking or jarring |
| conduct/o- | carrying; conveying |
| contus/o- | bruising |
| convuls/o- | seizure |
| cortic/o- | cortex (outer region) |
| crani/o- | cranium (skull) |
| cutane/o- | skin |
| cyt/o- | cell |
| dendr/o- | branching structure |
| diabet/o- | diabetes |
| disk/o- | disk |
| dors/o- | back; dorsum |
| dur/o- | dura mater |
| effer/o- | go out from the center |
| electr/o- | electricity |
| emiss/o- | to send out |
| encephal/o- | brain |
| ependym/o- | cellular lining |
| epilept/o- | seizure |
| esthes/o- , esthet/o- | sensation; feeling |
| excis/o- | to cut out |
| express/o- | communicate |
| faci/o- | face |
| fibrill/o- | muscle fiber; nerve fiber |
| fibr/o- | fiber |
| fiss/o- | splitting |
| foc/o- | point of activity |
| format/o- | structure; arrangement |
| front/o- | front |
| gemin/o- | set or group |
| gli/o- | cells that provide support |
| glob/o- | shaped like a globe; comprehensive |
| gloss/o- | tongue |
| gustat/o- | the sense of taste |
| hemat/o- | blood |
| herni/o- | hernia |
| hydr/o- | water; fluid |
| ict/o- | seizure |
| infarct/o- | area of dead tissue |
| isch/o- | keep back; block |
| lamin/o- | lamina (flat area on the vertebra) |
| lex/o- | word |
| log/o- | word; the study of |
| lumb/o- | lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis |
| lymph/o- | lymph; lymphatic system |
| magnet/o- | magnet |
| malign/o- | intentionally causing harm; cancer |
| man/o- | thin; frenzy |
| mening/o- , meningi/o- | meninges |
| ment/o- | mind; chin |
| micr/o- | one millionth; small |
| mot/o- | movement |
| myelin/o- | myelin |
| myel/o- | bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin |
| my/o- | muscle |
| narc/o- | stupor; sleep |
| neur/o- , nerv/o- | nerve |
| nuch/o- | neck |
| occipit/o- | occiput (back of the head) |
| ocul/o- | eye |
| olfact/o- | the sense of smell |
| olig/o- | scanty; few |
| opt/o- | eye; vision |
| pariet/o- | wall of a cavity |
| pathet/o- | suffering |
| peripher/o- | outer aspects |
| peritone/o- | peritoneum |
| pharyng/o- | pharynx (throat) |
| phas/o- | speech |
| phob/o- | fear; avoidance |
| phot/o- | light |
| pleg/o- | paralysis |
| potent/o- | being capable of doing |
| psych/o- | mind |
| punct/o- | hole; perforation |
| radicul/o- | spinal nerve root |
| recept/o- | receive |
| retard/o- | slow down; delay |
| rhiz/o- | spinal nerve root |
| scler/o- | hard; sclera (white of the eye) |
| sect/o- | to cut |
| sen/o- | old age |
| sens/o- | sensation |
| somat/o- | body |
| somn/o- | sleep |
| spast/o- | spasm |
| spin/o- | spine; backbone |
| stere/o- | three dimensions |
| surg/o- | operative procedure |
| syncop/o- | fainting |
| tact/o- | touch |
| techn/o- | technical skill |
| tempor/o- | temple (side of the head) |
| thalam/o- | thalamus |
| tom/o- | cut; slice; layer |
| ton/o- | pressure; tone |
| tract/o- | pulling |
| transmitt/o- | to send across or through |
| trochle/o- | structure shaped like a pulley |
| troph/o- | development |
| vag/o- | wandering; vagus nerve |
| vascul/o- | blood vessel |
| ven/o- | vein |
| ventricul/o- | ventricle (lower heart chamber; chamber in the brain) |
| ventr/o- | front; abdomen |
| vestibul/o- | vestibule (entrance) |
| vis/o- | sight; vision |
| -al, -ant, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ile, -eal, -ent, -ous, -tic | pertaining to |
| -ated | pertaining to a condition; composed of |
| -ation | a process; being or having |
| -cele | hernia |
| -cephalus | head |
| -cyte | cell |
| -ectomy | surgical excision |
| -emia | condition of the blood; substance in the blood |
| -emic | pertaining to a condition of the blood or a substance in the blood |
| -encephaly | condition of the brain |
| -eon | one who performs |
| -er | person or thing that produces or does |
| -ery | process of |
| -glia | cells that provide support |
| -gram | a record or picture |
| -graph | instrument used to record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -ia | condition; state; thing |
| -ician | skilled professional or expert |
| -ion | action; condition |
| -ist | one who specializes in |
| -ite | thing that pertains to |
| -itis | inflammation of; infection of |
| -ity | state; condition |
| -ive -lepsy | pertaining to seizure |
| -lysis | process of breaking down or destroying |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor; mass |
| -omatosis | abnormal condition of multiple tumors or masses |
| -on | a substance; structure |
| -opsy | process of viewing |
| -or | person or thing that produces or does |
| -ory | having the function of |
| -ose | full of |
| -osis | condition; abnormal condition; process |
| -paresis | condition of weakness |
| -pathy | disease; suffering |
| -plasm | growth; formed substance |
| -sphere | sphere; ball |
| -steroid | steroid |
| -tomy | process of cutting or making an incision |
| -ure | system; result of |
| a- | away from; without |
| an- | without; not |
| anti- | against |
| de- | reversal of; without |
| dys- | painful; difficult; abnormal |
| endo- | innermost; within |
| epi- | upon; above |
| hemi- | one half |
| hyper- | above; more than normal |
| hypo- | below; deficient |
| intra- | within |
| mal- | bad; inadequate |
| para- | beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal |
| poly- | many; much |
| post- | after; behind |
| pre- | before; in front of |
| quadri- | four |
| sub- | below; underneath; less than |
| sym- | together; with |
| trans- | across; through |
| tri- | three |
| abducens | 6th cranial nerve, sends motor commands to one of the extraocular muscles to move the eye |
| absence seizure | impaired consciousness with slight or no muscle activity (also petit mal seizure) |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic division and somatic nervous system |
| alpha fetoprotein (AFP) | test performed on sample of amniotic fluid taken from the uterus by amniocentesis |
| Alzheimer’s disease | a hereditary dementia that is known to run in families with inherited chromosomal mutations |
| amnesia | partial or total (global) loss of memory of recent or remote (past) experiences |
| aura | a visual, olfactory, sensory, or auditory sign (flashing lights, strange odor, tingling, or buzzing sound) |
| automatism | an automatic action, any action performed without the doer's intention or awareness |
| axon | an elongated extension of cytoplasm at the end of the neuron |
| Babinski’s sign | a neurologic test to determine injury to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum or to the spinal nerves |
| benign | of no danger to health, especially relating to a tumorous growth; not malignant |
| brain | the largest part of the central nervous system located in the cranium |
| brainstem | a column of tissue that begins in the center of the brain and continues to meet the spinal cord |
| canal | tubular passageway or channel (Latin) |
| carotid | of, situated near, or involving a carotid artery |
| cauda equina | a group of nerve roots at the inferior end of the spinal cord |
| central | of, relating to, or comprising the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | the separate rounded section of the brain that lies inferior and posterior to the cerebrum |
| cerebrum | the largest and most obvious part of the brain |
| coma | deep state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness caused by trauma, disease, metabolic , or glucose imbalance |
| corpus callosum | a connecting arch of neurons deep within the brain allowing the two hemispheres to communicate with each other |
| cortex | bark of a tree (Latin) |
| cranium | elevated fold |
| Curtzfeldt-Jacob disease | a fatal neurologic disorder, caused by a small infectious protein particle from cows infected with mad cow disease |
| deficit | a lack or impairment in mental or physical functioning |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, and limbic system |
| dura mater | the outermost layer of meninges below the bony cranium |
| endorphins | neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus, thalamus and brainstem, also natural pain relievers |
| epilepsy | recurring condition in which neurons in the brain spontaneously send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled way |
| epinephrine | a neurotransmitter that stimulates the sympathetic division, “fight or flight” |
| evoke | to elicit or draw forth |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | numerical scale that measures the depth of a coma from 1 to 15. |
| grand mal seizure | unconsciousness with excessive motor activity (also tonic-clonic seizure) |
| Guillain-Barré | autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin |
| gyrus (pl. gyri) | narrow groove |
| Huntington’s chorea | progressive inherited degenerative disease of the brain that begins in middle age |
| infarct | tissue death and an area of necrosis from disruption or blockage of blood flow |
| hypothalamus | a portion of the brain that functions as part of both the endocrine and nervous systems |
| lobe | sections or divisions of each hemisphere of the cerebrum |
| medulla oblongata | the most inferior part of the brainstem, containing the respiratory centers |
| meninges | a three layer membrane around the brain |
| migraine | specific recurring headache with sudden onset and severe, throbbing pain, often with nausea and vomiting and sensitivity to light |
| myelin | a fatty, white insulating layer on large axons |
| nerve | bundles of individual nerve cells (neurons) |
| nerve root | a nerve fiber bundle that emerges from either side of the spinal cord and joins with a complementary bundle to form each spinal nerve in the series of spinal nerves |
| norepinephrine | major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division, also in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord |
| nucleus | a group of specialized nerve cells or a localized mass of gray matter in the brain or spinal cord |
| nucleus pulposus | an elastic pulpy mass lying in the center of each intervertebral fibrocartilage |
| palsy | complete or partial muscle paralysis, often accompanied by loss of sensation and uncontrollable body movements or tremors |
| Parkinson’s disease | chronic, degenerative disease of imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain |
| pia mater | the innermost layer of the meninges next to the brain |
| plaque | a deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, characteristic of atherosclerosis. |
| pons | a relay station in the brain that links nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum |
| positron | a positively charged particle having the same mass and magnitude of charge as the electron and constituting the antiparticle of the electron (also positive electron) |
| proprioception | the unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself |
| reflex | a rapid, involuntary muscle reaction that is controlled by the spinal cord |
| resonance | the enhancement of an atomic, nuclear, or particle reaction or a scattering event by excitation of internal motion in the system |
| Romberg test | a neurological test to detect poor balance. Specifically, it detects the inability to maintain a steady standing posture with the eyes closed |
| sciatica | pain, numbness, and prickling or tingling along a dermatome of a spinal nerve |
| Schwann cells | cells that produce myelin that surrounds the larger axons of the neurons of cranial and spinal nerves |
| schwannoma | brain tumor in the Schwann cells near the cranial or spinal nerves |
| serotonin | neurotransmitter in synapses between neurons of the limbic system, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord |
| shunt | a passage between two natural body channels, such as blood vessels, especially one created surgically to divert or permit flow from one pathway or region to another; a bypass. |
| spina bifida | congenital abnormality of the neural tube with incomplete formation of vertebrae |
| status epilepticus | a state of prolonged continuous seizure activity or frequently repeated individual seizures that occur without the patient regaining consciousness |
| substantia nigra | a gray-to-black pigmented area of the brain that produces dopamine that regulates muscle tone |
| sulcus (pl. sulci) | a furrow or groove |
| synapse | a space between two neurons |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness |
| thalamus | a portion near the center of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory information |
| vagus nerve | the 10th cranial nerve, receives sensory information for taste, touch, temperature, vibration and pain |
| ventricle | four interconnected cavities within the brain |
| von Recklinghausen’s disease | (also neurofibromatosis) hereditary disease with multiple benign fibrous tumors that arise from peripheral nerves. |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| NICU | neurologic intensive care unit |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
Created by:
Tea Lad
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