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AP Human Geography
Chapter One part one - Rubenstein
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Map | a two dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it. |
| Connections | relationships between people and objects. |
| Demographic Transition | a north-south line designated in the Land Ordinanace of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the U.S. |
| Remote Sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. |
| Site | the physical character of a place. |
| Longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°). |
| Cultural Landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. |
| Place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character. |
| Pandemic | The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map. |
| Base lines | An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. |
| Global Positioning System | GPS - a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. |
| Situation | The location of a place relative to other places. |
| Latitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe measuring distance north and south of the equator(0°). |
| Regional Studies | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area. |
| Scale | Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface. |
| Township | a square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the U.S into a series of townships |
| Sections | a square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections. |
| Location | The Position of anything on Earth's surface. |
| Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles. |
| Prime Meridian | The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. |
| Formal Region | An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. |
| Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the Unites States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. |
| Geographic Information System | GIS - A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic information |
| Toponyms | The Name given to a portion of Earth's surface. |
| Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians. |
| Greenwich Mean Time | GMT - The time tin that time zone encompassingthe prime meridian, or 0° longitude. |
| International Date Line | An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. Eastwards you go back a day, Westwards you go ahead a day. |
| Functional Region | an area organized around a node or focal point. |
| Cultural Ecology | Geographic apporach that emphasizes human-environment relationships. |
| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire World and result in making something worldwide in scope. |
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Pattern | The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area. |
| Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. |
| Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
| Vernacular Region | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. |
| Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
| Distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. |
| Physiological Density | The number of people per unit per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
| Distance Decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
| Relocation Diffusion | The spread if a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
| Stimulus diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| Mental Map | An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located. |
| Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area. |
| Density | The frequency which something exists within a given unit of area. |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. |
| Diffusion | The process if spread if a feature or trend from one place to another over time. |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. |
| Uneven Development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy. |
| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition. |
| Environmental Determinism | A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. |
| transnational corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. |
| agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
| Space-Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distance place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
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