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Chapter 11

The Gastrointestinal System

QuestionAnswer
Or/o, Stomat/o Mouth
Dent/o, Odont/o Tooth
Gingiv/o Gums
Gloss/o, Lingu/o Tongue (The strongest muscle in the human body)
Gastr/o Stomach
Espohag/o Esophagus (The thing that carries what you eat)
Enter/o Intestines
Duoden/o Duodenum
Jejun/o Jejunum
Ile/o Ileum
Col/o, Colon/o Colon (Large Intestine)
Sigmoid/o Sigmoid Colon (at the end of the colon)
Rect/o Rectum (Final portion of the colon)
An/o Anus (Muscle at the end of the intestines that aloows for the passage of feces)
Proct/o Anus and Rectum
Sial/o Saliva
Bil/i, Chol/e Bile (Gall)
Abdomin/o, Celi/o, Lapar/o Abdomen
Cyst/o Bladder
Doch/o Duct
Hepat/o, Hepatic/o Liver
Pancreat/o Pancreas
Peritone/o Peritoneum
Aerodontalgia Tooth pain caused by exposure to air
Aphagia Inability to eat
Dentalgia Tooth Pain
Dyspepsia Bad Digestion (Peps-digestion)
Esophagalgia Pain in the esophagus
Eupepsia Good Digestion
Gastralgia Stomach Pain
Gastrodynia Stomach Pain
Gingivalgia Gum Pain
Gingivostomatitis Inflammation of the Mouth and Gums
Hematemesis Vomiting Blood (Emesis- vomiting)
Hyperemesis Excessive Vomiting
Odontalgia Tooth Pain
Odontodynia Tooth Pain
Stomatitis Inflammation of the mouth
Stomatodynia Mouth Pain
Constipation Difficulty passing feces
Diarrhea Passing of fluid or unformed feces
Dysentery Another name for diarrhea
Enterodynia Pain in the intestines
Hemorrhoid Inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus
Rectalgia Rectal Pain
Cholecystalgia Pain in the gallbladder
Jaundice Yellowing of skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood
Icterus Another name for jaundice
Sialorrhea Excessive Salivation
Gastromalacia Softening of the stomach
Gastroparesis Partial paralysis of the stomach (Paresis- Patrial paralysis)
Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums
Gingivoglossitis Inflammation of the gums and tongue
Glossoplegia Paralysis of the tongue
Odontoclasis Breaking of a tooth
Stomatogastric Pertaining to the mouth and stomach
Stomatosis Mouth Condition
Anophony Sound from the anus
Flatus Medical term for passing gas
Hernia Rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
Steatorrhea Excessive fat discharged in the feces
Ascites Retention of fluid in the peritoneum
Biligenesis Formation of bile
Cholelith Gallstone, stone in the bile
Hepatomalacia Softening of the liver
Hepatomegaly Enlargement of the liver
Hepatoptosis Downward displacement of the liver
Pancreatolith Stone in the pancreas
Sialoangiectasis Overexpansion of the salivary vessels
Sialolith Stone in the saliva
Sialostenosis Narrowing of the salivary glands
Cholangiogram Record of the bile vessels(duct)
Cholangiography Procedure for mapping the bile vessels(duct)
Cholangiopancreatography Procedure for mapping the bile vessels(duct) and pancreas
Cholecystogram Record of the bile (gall) bladder
Pancreatography Procedure for mapping the pancreas
Anosigmoidoscopy Procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon
Endoscope Instrument used to look inside
Endoscopy Procedure of looking inside
Esophagogastroduodrenoscopy Procedure for looking inside the esophagus stomach and duodenum
Esophagoscopy Procedure for looking inside the esophagus
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent
Gatroscope Instrument for looking at the stomach
Gastroscopy Procedure for looking at the stomach
Laparoscope Instrument for looking inside the abdomen
Laparoscopy Procedure for looking inside of the abdomen
Nasogastric Tube Tube inserted through the nose into the stomach
Peritoneoscopy Procedure for lookung at the peritoneum
Proctoscope Instrument used for looking at the anus and rectum
Proctoscopy Procedure for looking at the anus and rectum
Sigmoidoscope Instrument used to look at the sigmoid colon
Sigmoidscopy Procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon
Colonoscopy Procedure for looking at the colon
Bariatrics Branch of medicine dealing with weight issues
Dentrifrice Toothpaste
Dentist Specialist in teeth
Dentistry Branch of medicine dealing with teeth
Gastroenterologist Specialist in the stomach and intestines
Gastroenterology Study of the stomach and the intestines
Orthodontics Branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth
Orthodontist Specialist in straightening teeth
Proctologist Specialist in the anus, rectum and colon
Proctology Branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon
Epigastric Upper portion of the abdomen
Hypochondriac Upper side portions of the abdomen
Hypogastric Lower center portion of the abdomen
Inguinal Lower side portions of the abdomen
Lumbar Middle side portions of the abdomen
Umbilical Middle center portion of the abdomen
Esophagitis Inflammation of the esophagus
Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach
Gastroenteritis Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
Gastroenterocolitis Inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus
Gingival Hyperplasia Over formation of gum tissue
Glossopathy Disease of the tongue
Glossotrichia Overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear hairy
Periodontitis Inflammation of region around the teeth
Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach
Stomatomycosis Fungus condition of the mouth
Stomatosis Mouth condition
Colitis Inflammation of the colon
Duodenitis Inflammation of the duodenum
Enterocele Hernia of the intestines
Enteropathy Disease of the intestines
Fistula An abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there
Anal Fistula Abnormal Opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin
Colovaginal Fistula Abnormal opening between the colon and the vagina
Diverticulitis Inflammation of diverticula in the colon
Diverticulosis The condition of having diverticula in the colon
Celiac Disease Disease of the intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten
Ileitis Inflammation of the ileum
Ileocolitis Inflammation of the ileum and colon
Jejunitis Inflammation of the jejunum
Jejunoileitis Inflammation of the jejunum and ileum
Malabsorption Incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines
Proctitis Inflammation of the anus and rectum
Proctoptosis Downward displacement of the rectum and anus
Rectitis Inflammation of the rectum
Ulcerative Colitis Inflammation of the colon, characterized by ulcers
Celiomyositis Inflammation of the abdominal muscle
Celiopathy Disease of the abdomen
Cholangitis Inflammation of the bile vessels (duct)
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the bile(gall) bladder
Choledochocele Hernia of the common bile duct
Cholelithiasis Presence of a gallstone
Choledocholithiasis Presence of a stone in the common bile duct
Cirrhosis Liver disease named for the change of color in the liver
Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver
Hepatosclerosis Hardening of the liver
Laparocele Abdominal Hernia
Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatolithiasis Presence of a stone in the pancreas
Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum
Sclerosing Cholangitis Inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (duct)
Sialoadenitis Inflammation of the salivary glands
Sialoadenosis Condition of the salivary glands
Sialolithiasis Presence of salivary stones
Cholangioma Tumor of the bile vessels (ducts)
Colorectal Carcinoma Cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum
Esophageal Carcinoma Cancerous tumor of the esophagus
Hepatocarcinoma Cancerous tumor of the liver
Hepatoma Tumor of the liver
Antacid Agent that neutralizes acid
Antiemetic Agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting
Cathartic Agent that produces bowel movement
Sialagogic Agent that causes salivation
Esophagectomy Removal of the esophagus
Esophagogastroplasty Surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach
Gastrectomy Removal of the stomach
Gastroduodenostomy Creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines
Gastrojunostomy Creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum
Gastropexy Surgical fixation of the stomach
Gastroplasty Surgical reconstruction of the stomach
Gingivectomy Surgical removal of gum tissue
Gingivoplasty Surgical reconstruction of the gum tissue
Glossorrhaphy Suture of the tongue
Glossotomy Incision into the tongue
Odontectomy Surgical removal of a tooth
Anastomosis Creation of an opening, surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes
Anoplasty Surgical reconstruction of the anus
Colectomy Surgical removal of the colon
Colostomy Creation of an opening in the colon
Duodenectomy Surgical removal of the duodenum
Enterectomy Surgical removal of the intestines
Enterorrhaphy Suture of the intestines
Enterotomy Incision into the intestines
Hemicolectomy Surgical removal of half of the colon
Hemorrhoidectomy Removal of Hemorrhoids
Herniorrhaphy Suture of a hernia
Ileocolostomy Creation of an opening between the ileum and colon
Ileorrhaphy Suture of the Ileum
Ileostomy Creation of an opening in the ileum
Ileotomy Incision into the ileum
Jejunorrhaphy Suture of the jejunum
Jejunostomy Creation of an opening in the jejunum
Jejunotomy Incision into the jejunum
Proctoplasty Surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum
Rectopexy Surgical fixation of the rectum
Abdominocentesis Puncture of the abdomen
Abdominoplasty Surgical reconstruction of the abdomen
Celiotomy Incision into the abdomen
Cholangiogastrostomy Creation of an opening between the bile vessel(ducts) and the stomach
Cholecystectomy Surgical Removal of the bile (gall) bladder
Choledochoenterostomy Creation of an opening between bile duct and the intestines
Choledocholithectomy Surgical removal of a stone from the common bile duct
Choledochotomy Incision into the common bile duct
Cholelithotomy Incision to remove bile (gall) stones
Cholelithotripsy Crushing of bile (gall) stones
Hepaticotomy Incision into the liver
Hepatectomy Removal of the liver
Hepaticogastrostomy Creation of an opening between the liver and the stomach
Hepatopexy Surgical fixation of the liver
Laparoenterostomy Creation of an opening between the abdomen and the intestines
Laparoscopic Surgery The use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery
Laparotomy Incision into the abdomen
Pancreatectomy Removal of the pancreas
Pancreatoduodenectomy Surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum
Pancreatolithectomy Removal of a stone in the pancreas
Sialolithotomy Incision to remove salivary stones
Sialodenectomy Surgical removal of a salivary gland
Stomatoplasty Surgical reconstruction of the mouth
BE Barium Enema
BM Bowel Movement
CCE Cholecystectomy
EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
EUS Endoscopic Ultrasound
FOBT Fecal Occult Blood Test
GERD Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
GI Gastrointestinal
HAV, HBV, HCV Hepatitis A,B,C
IBD Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBS Irritable Bowel System
LFT Liver Function Test
NGT Nasogastric Tube
NPO Nothing By Mouth
N&V Nausea and Vomiting
PEG Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
PEJ Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy
PUD Peptic Ulcer Disease
RLQ Right Lower Quadrant
RUQ Right Upper Quadrant
LLQ Left Lower Quadrant
LUQ Left Upper Quadrant
UGI Upper Gastrointestinal
Created by: chelley12516
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