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CTG Wk2:
Week 2- Cell Theory and Nuclear Theory II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cytosol is made of what? | water, salts, sugars, proteins, ions and amino acids |
| where does intermediary metabolism occur? | cytoplasm |
| small subunits of ribosomes? | correctly align amino acids |
| large subunits of ribosomes? | catalyse peptide bond formation |
| when do the large and small subunits of ribosomes join? | during protein synthesis |
| how are ribosomal subunits made? | rRNA and cytoplasmic proteins combine in the nucleolus |
| what do small ribosomal subunits contain? | 18S rRNA |
| what do large ribosomal subunits contain? | 28S, 5.8S AND 5S rRNAs |
| which ribosomal units mature quickly? | small subunits |
| most pre-ribosomal particles in the nucleolus form what? | large subunits |
| describe mitochondrial outer membrane | smooth |
| describe mitochondrial inner membrane | highly folded into cristae which is covered in stalked particles |
| describe mitochondrial inheritance | extranuclear and maternal |
| how do mitochondria divide? | binary fission |
| structures in the endomembrane system? | nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes, transport vesicles and plasma membrane |
| function of endomembrane system? | protein synthesis, intra and intercellular transport of proteins, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification of pathogens and cell growth |
| cisternae? | fluid filled spaces between ER membranes |
| functions of ER? | transport, protein synthesis and modification, lipid synthesis and storage of biochemical molecules |
| function of RER? | protein processed |
| functions of SER? | lipid synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrate, detoxification of drugs and poisons and storage of calcium ions |
| describe how the golgi has directionality? | proteins received from ER at cis face and move through medial cisternae and are sorted and shipped at the trans face |
| golgi functions? | processing of proteins, assembly of glycoproteins, transportation and storage of lipids, formation of lysosomes, storage and transport of digestive enzymes, secretion of carbohydrates needed for plant cell wall synthesis and formation of secretory vesicle |
| what is added to trans face to ensure transportation of molecules to correct place? | molecular identification tags usually phosphate groups |
| lysosome functions? | digestion of worn out organelles, phagocytosis and exocytosis and autolysis/autophagy |
| endocytic pathway of lysosomes? | transferring macromolecules from extracellular to intracellular environments |
| describe the steps of the endocytic pathway of lysosomes | extracellular material is endocytosed and transported to early endosome, leaves at late endosome and fuses to lysosome- endolysosome releases its enzymes |
| describe the pH from the early endosome to the late endosome in the endocytic pathway | pH in early endosome decreases during maturation tot he late endosome |
Created by:
shuriken
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