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10 History
Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolute | unlimited and unrestrained |
| "divine right" | God had established the kings authority. They were not bound by man made laws but were responsible only to God for there actions. |
| Bourbon | The ruling family in France. |
| Henry IV | -won the French civil war -reduced the power of the nobility and strengthened the power of the government control -a Bourbon King |
| Louis XIII | -came to the throne when he was 9 -had Cardinal Richelieu his chief minister |
| Cardinal Richelieu | -chief minister of Louis XIII -He wanted to strengthen the power of the king by destroying the Huguenots(French Protestants) -He made Huguenots house French soldiers, and sent spies to listen to the Huguenot churches -He hurt nobility in many ways |
| intendents | Officials directly responsible to the king (replacing the nobles that had positions of authority in local govt. |
| Thirty Years War | The last great religious war fought in Europe. Against the protestants. |
| Gustavus Adolphus | He rescued the protestant cause, but was later killed in the battle. |
| Louis XIV | -Only 5 years old -had Jules Mazarin as his chief minister -when J M died he was then his own Chief Minister -I am the state -Had the Palace of Versailles |
| Jules Mazarin | -Chief minister of Louis XIV |
| Frondes | French political upheavals between 1648 and 1653 aimed at challenging the power of the king; last serious attempt to limit the power of the king until the French Revolution. |
| Jean-Baptiste Colbert | -Louis XIV's minister of finance -He favored limited imports and increasing exports -Wanted to build a navy to protect French Trade abroad |
| lieutenant | French officers responsible to the king by whom the king gained control of the army. |
| Versailles | Palace of Louis XIV;12 miles southwest of Paris |
| Louis XV | -French King -only 5 years old He involved France in disastrous and humiliating wars, which once again drained the royal treasury |
| Junkers | Prussian nobility who worked closely with the electors in governing the country and serving as officers in the Prussian army. |
| Frederick William | -"The Great Elector" -Prussian Ruler -He had an army with over 30,000 men -He was responsible for forging Prussia's scattered territories into a unified state. |
| Frederick I | -Prussian King -Had a new palace built for himself(more interested in art than military -Called the "King of Prussia" |
| Frederick William I | -Prussian King -He was strict and demanded absolute obedience -He said "salvation belongs to the lord, everything else is my business" -Grew army to 83,000 men (battle ready but he did not want to go to war and loose men) |
| Frederick II | -Prussian King -had large interest in culture but he became one of Prussia's greatest military hero's -He strengthened Prussia's economy by establishing a silk industry and by stabilizing grain prices -He made political & social reforms-religion & tort |
| Hohenzollern | Rulers of Prussia; rivals of the Hapsburg; united the German states into one country in the 19th century |
| Hapsburg | Rulers of Austria; rivals of the Hohenzollern; held the title of the Holy Roman Emperor |
| Joseph II | -Austrian King -tried to create an absolutist state -He began his reign as a co-ruler w/ his mom -together he made gradual changes but when she died, made radical changes -He made RC & the nobility pay higher taxes & he lowered the peasant taxes |
| Ivan IV | -Russian King -Called "the terrible" -He killed many of the Russian nobility and even his son -had very high taxes -to glorify himself he took the name czar (comes from Caesar) |
| Czar | Empire of Russia; comes from the word Caesar (Ivan IV called himself this) |
| Romanov | Russian royal dynasty; deposed in the Revolution |
| Peter I | -Russian King -he thought that in order to become a great power they had to adopt western ways -He brought back more than 700 western Europeans |
| Catherine II | -Russian Queen -driven by uncontrolled ambition -She and her husband arrested and murdered many people |
| James I | -English king -appointed 50 men to write the King James Version of the Bible |
| Puritans | Anglicans who sought to purify the Church of England |
| Charles I | -English King -the persecution of the puritans became more severe during his reign, forcing thousands to sail to America -Had the problems with money and Parliament |
| Petition of Right | Document that Parliament sent to Charles I which stated that the king did not have the right to make people pay taxes without parliamentary consent and that Parliament would not tolerate arbitrary imprisonment of any subjects |
| Roundheads | Supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War |
| Cavaliers | Supporters of the King in the English Civil War |
| Oliver Cromwell | -A supporter of parliament in the English Civil War -Became King of England -He dissolved Parliament |
| Protectorate | English government established by Oliver Cromwell |
| Charles II | -English King -tried to become financially independent from Parliament -He received grants of money from Louis XIV because he promised to support the objectives of French foreign policies and publicly declare himself a Roman Catholic (not very true) |
| Restoration | Reestablishment of the Stuart Monarchy in 1660 |
| Habeas Corpus Act | Made it illegal for the British government to arbitrarily hold someone in jail |
| James II | -Bro of Charles II -English King -didn't do much |
| Glorious Revolution | Peaceful revolution in which Parliament dethroned James II and installed William and Mary |
| William and Mary | -English King and Queen -Agreed to the Bill of Rights -Were ruling during the Glorious Revolution |
| Bill of Rights | English document that limited royal power, established certain civil liberties, & forbade future kings of queens from being Roman Catholics |
| Act of Settlement | Act of Parliament that established its rights to grant the throne to whomever it wished |
| Cabinet government | A group of advisers to the English king who met to discuss matters of state |
| Balance of power | The goal of European nations to ensure that no nation would dominate Europe; involved the formation of alliances |
| Grand Alliance | An alliance of European nations-especially England and the Netherlands-against Louis XIV of France |
| Treaty of Utrecht | Ended the War of the Spanish Succession |
| Pragmatic Sanction | Agreement among European rulers to respect the territorial boundaries of Austria upon the ascension of Maria Theresa |
| Maria Theresa | -Austrian Ruler -The Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to rule in peace. |
| Diplomatic Revolution | Radical changes in traditional European alliances prior to the Seven Years' War |
| Seven Years' War | War with Britain and Prussia on one side and France, Russia, and Austria on the other; won by Britain and Prussia |
| William Pitt the Elder | -A British statesman that devised a system for winning the war. |
| Treaty of Paris | Treaty that ended the Seven Years' War |
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