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Body Structure
Body Structure and Processes - Urinary System II - 19/12/24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does urine remove? | urea creatinine and uric acid |
| how much urea does urine remove? | 21g/day from amino acids |
| how much creatinine does urine remove? | 1.8g/day from creatine phosphate |
| how much uric acid does urine remove? | 480mg per day from RNA |
| describe the solute concentration in urine compared to surrounding blood plasma | solute conc in urine is 4x higher than surrounding blood plasma |
| without kidneys, when would fatal dehydration occur? | within 1-2 hours |
| main functions of nephrons? | reabsorption of useful nutrients, 90% water from filtrate and secretion of waste products not removed from ultrafiltration |
| nephron consists of? | renal corpuscle and renal tubule |
| what does the renal corpuscle consist of? | Bowman's capsule and glomerulus |
| what does the renal tubule consist of? | PCT, loop of Henle, DCT |
| how long is each corpuscle? | 200 micrometers |
| describe the process of how blood is forced through the glomerulus | capillary network forces RBC through a single file at a high pressure where fenestrations in capillary walls and surrounding epithelium allow passage of H20, ions.. into capsular space of bowmans capsule |
| how does blood enter the glomerulus? | afferent arteriole |
| how does blood leave the glomerulus? | efferent arteriole |
| what components of the blood are not filtered into the Bowman's capsule? | blood proteins, RBC, WBC and platelets |
| where does ultrafiltration occur? | renal corpuscle |
| where does reabsorption occur? | PCT |
| what happens in the PCT? | water and solutes from filtrate to peritubular fluid reenter blood at peritubular capillaries |
| where does secretion occur? | DCT |
| what happens in the DCT during secretion? | large solutes from peritubular fluid to filtrate through tubular epithelium to remove large solutes |
| capsular space in Bowman's capsule? | gap between epithelial layers in the Bowman's capsule |
| gap between epithelial layers in the Bowman's capsule? | capsular space |
| podocytes? | surround capillary epithelium of glomerulus and are long foot-like processes bound to basement membrane |
| what is the capsule wall made of in the Bowman's capsule? | capsular epithelium |
| what is the capsular wall continuous with? | capillary (visceral) epithelium |
| what is the capillary (visceral) epithelium made of? | podocytes |
| where is the glomerulus? | in the Bowman's capsule |
| in the glomerulus, where must solutes fit in order to enter the filtrate in the capsular space? | capillary pores, basement membrane fibres and podocyte gaps |
| how is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined? | filtration pressure |
| what does filtration pressure determine? | glomerular filtration rate (GFR) |
| what is the filtration surface of kidneys? | 6m^2 so GFR is high |
| how much filtrate per minute? | 125ml |
| how much filtrate a day? | 180L |
Created by:
cowcow
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