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World ht midterm
Ch 1-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nimrod | led the building of the tower of Babel |
| the Flood | God's punishment for the height that evil men had reached? |
| relationship with God | most important part of culture |
| capital punishment | law that God established to protect the sanctity of life |
| Hammurabi | best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a stone pillar |
| Euphrates | means "makes fruitful" |
| Sumerians | most important accomplishment was writing |
| Christ's birth | turning point of world history |
| patriarchs | Abraham, Isaac, Jacob |
| Thutmose III | brought Egypt to greatest extent |
| Menes | United upper and lower Egypt |
| Champollion | deciphered the Rosetta Stone |
| Saul | First king of Israel |
| Solomon | king who asked for wisdom |
| Judah | Southern Kingdom of the split |
| Abraham | father of Israel |
| Israel | Northern Kingdom of the split |
| alphabet | what Phoenicians carried/gave on their trading ventures |
| Darius I | built "Royal Road" highway of Persia |
| Shalmaneser V | deported the ten tribes of the Northern Kingdom |
| Nabopolassar | Established the New Babylonian Empire |
| Sennacherib | boasted against God and caused fall of Assyrian army |
| Medes and Persians | invaded Babylon and caused it to fall |
| Daniel | exercised great influence in both Assyrian and Persian empires |
| Solon | introduced democracy to Athens |
| Thermopylae | narrow mountain pass where 300 Greek soldiers held off the Persian army |
| 776 B.C. | First Olympic Games |
| 404 BC | End of Peloponnesian War |
| Homer | Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Alexander the Great | named 16 cities after himself |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general that led a large force with elephants across the Alps into Italy |
| 44 BC (March 15) | death of Julius Caesar |
| 264-146 BC | Punic Wars |
| Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome |
| Etruscans | built the first cities in Italy |
| patricians | wealthy class in Rome |
| Senate | most powerful body in the Roman Republic. |
| Nero | First Roman emperor to persecute Christians |
| Tiberius | ruled during the time of Jesus' death |
| Trajan | Pushed the Roman Empire to its greatest extent |
| Titus | captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple |
| Pompeii | the city that was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius |
| Constantine | Roman emperor declared toleration for Christians |
| Constantinople | name of the new capital of the Roman Empire |
| Germans | greatest external threat to Roman Empire |
| AD 500-1500 | Dates of the Middle Ages |
| koine (Greek) | Language of the New Testament |
| Leo I | the first pope officially recognized as the supreme head of the church |
| AD 100 | completion of New Testament |
| Petrine Theory | Stated that Christ made Peter the head of the Catholic church |
| Christendom | the portion of the world in which Christianity prevails |
| Jerusalem | site of 1st Christian church |
| Marsilius | wrote Defender of the Peace in challenge of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Ishmael | his descendants are Arabs |
| jihad | Muslim holy war |
| Mohammed | Last prophet of Islam |
| caliphs | led Muslim holy wars |
| Battle of Tours | Checked Muslim advance into Western Europe |
| Battle of Manzikert | Turks conquered Asia Minor from Eastern Roman Empire |
| 1054 | Catholic Church split |
| 1st Crusade | Crusaders captured Jerusalem and Asia Minor |
| Alexus Commenus | emperor for whom Asia Minor was captured by Crusaders |
| Mohammed II | led the Ottomans to capture Constantinople in 1453 |
| pontifus maximus | title used by popes |
| Franks | established the first large empire in western Europe after the fall of Rome |
| Merovingian | series or dynasty of kings started by Clovis I |
| Hammer | meaning of nickname of Charles MARTEL, Mayor of the Palace |
| Donation of Pepin | gift of land that set the stage for Roman empire to be ruled by both emperor and pope |
| Leo III | crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans |
| Treaty of Verdun | formed nations of France and Germany |
| Vikings | group of people who reached North America by AD 1000 |
| feudalism | a way of life based upon the ownership and use of land |
| fief | land owned by 1 man and used in exchange for service |
| vassal | used lord's land in exchange for services |
| homage | ceremony of vows to the lord |
| chivalry | Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages |
| joust | fight to unhorse each other |
| 3rd Crusade | called "Crusade of Kings" and led by Richard the Lion-Hearted |
| Monasticism | the practice of withdrawing from society and living in solitude |
| friars | Monks who preached and did missionary work outside the monasteries |
| indulgences | certificates from the pope that excused a person from doing penance and shortened the required stay in purgatory |
| Jerome | finished the Vulgate |
| Council of Toulouse | forbade anyone to own a Bible |
| Wycliffe | the first man to translate the entire Bible into English |
| Council of Constance | condemned John Wycliffe and John Huss |
| Aristotle | known as "The Philosopher" in Medieval Times |
| scholasticism | combined Greek philosophy and Romanism |
| Dante | wrote the Divine Comedy |
| Henry the Fowler | duke of Germany who established the Saxon line of kings |
| AD 962 | Holy Roman Empire begins with Otto crowned |
| Nicholas II | decreed that popes could only be chosen by cardinals |
| Black Death | destroyed 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe's population |
| Renaissance | moved Europe into Modern Age |
| patrons | People who financially supported artists |
| Leonardo da Vinci | painted the Mona Lisa |
| Michelangelo | Painted the Sistine Chapel |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | wrote The Prince |
| plebians | common/poor ppl of Rome |
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