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HSII Chpt. 6 (Pt. 2)

Hematology & Immunology Important Terms to Know

albumin Plasma proteins too large to pass through the wall of a blood vessel. Most common protein in blood.
antigen Any substance (as an immunogen) foreign to the body that evokes an immune response.
complement A group of nine proteins that activate each other.
ecchymoses Hemorrhages larger than petechiae.
embolus A thrombus (blood clot) that has broken free and travels through the circulatory system.
histamine A substance which dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma The most common type of lymphoma.
immune Not susceptible or responsive.
index (plural: indices) A ratio or other number derived from a series of observations and used as an indicator or measure
interferon Immune response chemicals which stimulates production of an antiviral substance.
lymph A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct.
mean Something having a position, quality, or condition midway between extremes; a medium.
node A discrete mass of one kind of tissue enclosed in tissue of a different kind.
nucleoside Encapsulated structures that are round, oval or bean shaped.
pernicious Highly injurious or destructive.
petechiae small, pinpoint hemorrhages.
plasma A clear straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of the blood.
plasminogen A cell fragment active in the blood clotting process.
platelet (also thrombocyte) A minute, irregularly shaped, cytoplasmic body found in blood plasma that promotes blood clotting and has no definite nucleus, no DNA, and no hemoglobin.
purpura Any of several hemorrhagic states characterized by patches of purplish discoloration resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin and mucous membranes.
serum The fluid portion of plasma that remains when clotting factors in plasma form a blood clot.
spleen A rounded lymphoid organ, located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
stasis A slowing or stoppage of the normal flow of a bodily fluid or semifluid.
thalassemia Inherited genetic abnormality that affects the synthesis of the globin in hemoglobin.
thrombus (pl. thrombi) Blood clot
thymus A lymphoid organ with a pink color and a grainy consistency.
transcriptase A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template in the process of transcription.
vaccine A preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease.
Hematopoiesis Blood cell production process. Usually occurs in the red marrow of long bones and flat bones. Each cell or cell fragment begins in the marrow as a very immature stem cell.
Leukocytes (WBCs) Five types of leukocytes, which are identified by granules and nucleus. Categorized by granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes have granules in the cytoplasm and agranulocytes don't have granules.
Neutrophils Most common: make up 54-62% of leukocytes Granulocytes with many large granules that remain neutral when stained. Nucleus has many lobes and segments. Develop in red marrow, eventually become immature band or stab.
Eosinophils Makes up 1-3% of leukocytes. Granulocytes with many large granules. Granules stain pink when exposed to eosin. Nucleus has 2 lobes. Develop in red marrow from stem cells.
Basophil Least common: makes up 0.5-1% of leukocytes. Granulocytes with many large granules. Granules stain blue when exposed to hematoxylin. Nucleus has more than one lobe. Develop from stem cells in red marrow.
Lymphocyte Makes up 25-335% of leukocytes. Agranulocytes. Nucleus fills most of cell. Develop from lymphoblasts.
Monocytes Make up 3-7% of leukocytes. Largest type of leukocytes, agranulocytes. Nucleus is large and shaped like a kidney bean. Develop in marrow from stem cells and mature in stages.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) (Thromb/o- = Blood clot) (-cyte = cell)
Created by: Tea Lad
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