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Musculoskeletal
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscular system | composed of different tissues that work together to perform several essential function |
| muscle | type of body tissue that made up of bundle fibers (long, slender cells) that are held together by connective tissue |
| voluntary muscles | muscles that are stimulated to move through conscious control |
| skeletal muscle (striated muscle) | voluntary muscle that is attached to bone and can be contracted and relax through conscious control |
| muscle fibers | makes up striated muscle |
| fascia | a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses a or group of muscle |
| smooth muscle (visceral muscle) | type of involuntary muscle, surrounds internal organ, contracts and relaxes to move content through body system passageways |
| cardiac muscle (myocardial muscle) | found in heart, unconsciously controlled, pump blood from heart into blood vessels |
| automaticity | ability of a muscle to contract without the involvement of a nerve supply |
| contractility | ability of a skeletal muscle to contract/shorten |
| elasticity | ability of a skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when stretching force it remove |
| excitability | ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting |
| extensibility | ability of a skeletal muscle to be stretched |
| origin of a muscle | attachment site that does not move when the muscle contract |
| insertion | attachment site that moves during muscular contraction |
| tendon | band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| ligament (skeletal system) | fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone |
| endomysium | fine sheath of areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber, consist of loosely woven fibers and many blood vessels |
| perimysium | sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fiber called fascicle |
| epimysium | outer layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle |
| fascia | fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles into functional groups that envelops other structure in the body |
| agonist | works with antagonist, primary muscle that initiates movement by contracting and pulling on bones |
| antagonist | muscle that works against the agonist movement |
| paralysis | nerve impulses are impaired and prevents muscular movement |
| abduction | movement of a body part away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement of a body part toward the midline of the body |
| inversion | the turning inward of the sole of the foot |
| eversion | the turning outward of the sole of the foot |
| elevation | raising of a body part |
| flexion | movement of 2 body surfaces toward each other, as in the act of bending |
| extension | straightening of a limb after is has been flexed |
| depression | lowering of a body part |
| hyperextension | the act of bending a joint or a limb beyond normal extension or rang of motion |
| dorsiflexion | movement of the sole of the foot upward (flexed toward the lower leg) |
| plantar flexion | motion of the plantar surface(sole of the foot) away from the midline of the body |
| rotation | movement of the body part around its longitudinal axis |
| medial (internal) rotation | movement medially or toward the midline of the body |
| lateral (external) rotation | movement laterally or away from the midline |
| pronation | rotational motion of the forearm in which the palm moves to face downward |
| supination | rotational motion of the forearm in which the palm moves to face downward upward |
| circumduction | rotational of an arm or leg |
| frontalis | wrinkle forehead, raises eyebrow |
| trapezius | upper back and extends neck, elevates adducts and rotates scapula |
| deltoid | external shoulder, adducts, flex, extend and rotates arm |
| pectoralis major | chest, flex, extend and rotates arm |
| triceps brachii | posterior upper arm, extend forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes and supinate anterior upper arm |
| latissimus dorsi | midback and lower spine, flex and rotate trunk |
| abdominal muscles | ribs to pubic bone, adducts and rotate thigh |
| gluteus maximus | outer muscle of buttocks, extends and rotate thighs |
| sartorius | anterior thigh, flexes and rotate thighs, flexes leg |
| biceps femoris (hamstrings) | posterior thigh, extend thighs, flexes and rotates leg |
| rectus femoris (quadricep) | anterior thigh, flexes thigh, extend legs |
| gastronemius | prominent muscle in posterior calf, flexes foot and leg |
| tibialis aterior | anterior lower leg, dorsiflex and insert foot |
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