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MSK Vocabulary

TermDefinition
muscular system System of muscles that move the body's skeleton.
Muscle Body tissue made up of bundles of fibers (long, slender cells) that are held together by connective tissue.
voluntary muscles Controlled consciously
involuntary muscles Controlled unconsciously
Skeletal muscle (striated) Voluntary muscle that is attached to bone and can be contracted or relaxed through conscious control.
muscle fibers Skeletal muscle fibers are long, slender cells grouped and held together with connective tissue and covered with fascia.
Smooth muscle (visceral) Found in organs, regulates internal functions.
Cardiac muscle (myocardial) Found in the heart, pumps blood.
fascia Band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses a muscle or group of muscles.
automaticity The ability of a muscle to contract without the involvement of a nerve supply.
contractility The ability of a skeletal muscle to contract (shorten)
elasticity The ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when a stretching force is removed.
excitability The ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting.
extensibility The ability of the skeletal muscles to be stretched.
origin The attachment site that does not move when the muscle contracts.
insertion The attachment site that moves during muscular contraction.
tendon Band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.
ligament Fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone.
endomysium A fine sheath of areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber.
perimysium A sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.
epimysium A dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.
antagonist The muscle that works against this movement.
agonist The muscle that causes the primary movement.
abduction Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.
adduction Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
inversion The turning inward of the sole of the foot.
eversion The turning outward of the sole of the foot.
elevation Raising of a body part.
depression Lowering of a body part.
flexion The movement of two body surfaces toward each other, as in the act of bending.
extension The straightening of a limb after it has been flexed.
hyperextension The act of bending a joint or limb beyond normal extension or range of motion.
dorsiflexion Movement of the sole of the foot upward (flexed toward the lower leg).
plantar flexion Motion of the plantar surface (sole of the foot) away from the midline of the body.
rotation Movement of a body part around its longitudinal axis— that is, lengthwise. (Imagine doing "the Twist" with your foot.)
medial (internal) rotation Movement medially, or toward the midline of the body. (Imagine rotating one foot inward, toward the other foot.)
lateral (external) rotation Movement laterally, or away from the midline. (Imagine rotating one foot outward, away from the other.)
pronation Rotational motion of the forearm in which the palm moves to face downward.
supination Rotational motion of the forearm in which the palm moves to face upward.
circumduction Rotation of an arm or leg (as if "drawing a circle" with the limb). This type of motion occurs in multiple planes.
frontalis Forehead muscle. Raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead.
trapezius Upper back muscle. Extends neck; elevates, adducts, and rotates scapula.
deltoid Shoulder muscle. Abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm.
pectoralis major Chest muscle. Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm.
triceps brachii Posterior arm muscle. Extends forearm.
biceps brachii anterior upper arm muscle. Flexes arm and forearm; supinates (rotates) hand.
latissimus dorsi Back muscle. Extends, adducts, and rotates arm.
abdominal muscles Stomach muscles. Flex and rotate trunk.
gluteus medius Hip muscle. Adducts and rotates thigh.
gluteus maximus Buttock muscle. Extends and rotates thigh.
Sartorius Anterior thigh (crosses thigh obliquely). Flexes and rotates thigh; flexes leg
biceps femoris (hamstring) Posterior thigh. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg.
rectus femoris (quadricep) Anterior thigh. Flexes thigh; extends leg.
gastrocnemius Calf muscle. Flexes foot and leg.
tibialis anterior Shin(anterior lower leg) muscle. Dorsiflexes and inverts foot.
Created by: 441283
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