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Ancient Egypt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stimulus diffusion | To take an invention or idea and change it to meet your needs |
| Give an example of stimulus diffusion related to the ancient Egyptians. | writing - the Mesopotamians used cuneiform; the Egyptians created hieroglyphics |
| Nile Delta | triangular shaped, 100 Miles wide, flat, fertile land |
| List 5 ways that the Nile was beneficial to the Ancient Egyptians | rovided a sense of direction Provided silt for fertile soil Fresh drinking water Trade and Travel Water to irrigate crops |
| Describe Lower Egypt (location and geography) | Northern Egypt; where the Nile ends- fertile land |
| Describe Upper Egypt (location and geography) | Southern Egypt; where the Nile begins has cliffs and canyons |
| Describe Egypt’s climate. | hot, dry, arid |
| What were the benefits of the desert? | protected Egyptians from invaders and provided minerals such as natron, limestone and granite |
| What is silt? | Natural fertilizer left behind after the Nile flooded |
| inundation | the Nile floods the surrounding land, farmers built pyramids, June-September |
| emergence | the water seeps into the ground leaving silt to make the soil fertile, farmers plowed fields and planted crops, September - February |
| drought | When the water level of the Nile was low. farmers harvested the crops February-June |
| Problem- flooding during emergence and drought | Solution- flooding during emergence and drought levees- built up embankment of soil irrigation canals- man made canals |
| Problem- low water level | shaduf- Helps lift water using a long suspended rod with a bucket at one end |
| copper | To make tools and weapons |
| gold | To make jewelry |
| limestone | Build the pyramids |
| natron | Salt to dry the bodies out (Used to embalm the mummies) |
| SOCIAL MOBILITY | The ability to move social classes (jobs/role in society) |
| Did Egypt have SOCIAL MOBILITY? | Yes |
| How were social classes determined? | by birth and importance of job |
| hy are the social classes shown in the shape of a pyramid? | the most power was in the hands of the few at the top- 1 Pharoah, a few noblemen |
| What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? | made laws led the army made final decisions |
| How was a pharaoh different from a king? | The pharaoh was a god, a king was not. |
| Who were the nobles? | vizier scribe priest |
| Who is the vizier and what are his responsibilities? | advisor to the king supervised building projects and irrigation canal upkeep |
| What were scribes exempt from? | manual labor |
| What is the biggest misconception about slaves? | they built the pyramids |
| Why were hieroglyphics created? | to keep track of trade/ receipts |
| What did scribes record using hieroglyphics? | receipts for trade, taxes, wars, laws, cycles of the Nile |
| What is the importance of the Rosetta Stone? | helped us understand and decode hieroglyphics |
| What is monotheism? | belief in one god |
| What is polytheism? | belief in many gods |
| What is the afterlife? | life after death |
| What is mummification? | process of preserving a body |
| Why did Egyptians mummify the dead? | they wanted the soul to recognize the body for the afterlife |
| Why were pyramids built? | Burial chambers for pharaohs |
| Why did Egyptians bury the dead with their belongings? | they believed they would need these items in the afterlife |
| Why did Egyptians stop building the pyramids? | they took too long to build, they were too expensive, and they were easy to find and rob therefore there would be NO afterlife |
| List three reasons the Middle Kingdom is referred to as “The Golden Age”. | trade resurgence of art and literature growth of armies |
| Hatshepsut | First female pharaoh Encouraged trade and travel with other civilizations |
| Amenhotep (Akenaten) | Wanted Egyptians to believe in ONE God, the sun god Aten |
| What was the importance of King Tut’s tomb? | His tomb wasn’t robbed. His body and belongings were found which helped us to better understand how the Egyptians lived. |
Created by:
jgeekie
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