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TCC Powerpoint 4
Systems & Directional terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Greek & Latin | Medical terms originate from these languages |
| word root | the base meaning of a term |
| prefix | at the beginning of the word |
| suffix | at the end of a word |
| combining vowel | usually an o to make the word easier to say |
| abbreviations | used to shorten time and space to record information in charts & medical records |
| TJC | The Joint Commission |
| ISMP | Institue for Safety Medication Practices |
| TJC & ISMP | responsible for the do not use list of abbreviations to help prevent mistakes |
| anatomy | scientific study of body structure |
| Physiology | The study of the function of the body's organ and other structures |
| atoms | simplest units of matter |
| molecules | matter formed from 2 or more atoms |
| cells | the smaller living units in the body |
| tissues | same type of cells organize together |
| organs | 2 or more tissue types combined |
| systems | 2 or more organs |
| organism | made of systems (any plant or animal) |
| homeostasis | balanced state |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | Holds the genetic code, control the process of cell differentiation, growth, and development |
| Ribonucleic acid | helps DNA transcribe the genetic code |
| anatomical position | standing upright facing forward , arms at side & palms facing forward |
| supine | patient lying on back |
| prone | patient lying face down |
| cranial | aka superior, above or close to head |
| caudal | aka inferior, below or close to feet |
| dorsal | aka posterior, toward the back of the body |
| medial | close to the misline |
| lateral | away from the core |
| proximal | close to a point of attachment |
| distal | farther away from a point of attachment |
| superficial | close to the surface of the body |
| deep | more internal |
| ventral | aka anterior, toward the front of the body |
| sagittal | divides the body into left and right side |
| midsagittal | equal parts divided left and right side coronal |
| transvers | divides the body top and bottom |
| coronal | aka frontal or anterior toward the front |
| posterior | aka dorsal toward the back |
| femoral | refers to the thigh |
| brachial | refers to the arm |
| dorsal cavity | contains the spinal & cranial cavity |
| ventral cavity | contains the thoracic, diaphragm, pelvic, & abdominal cavity |
| Vitamin D blood test | relate this test to the integumentary system |
| calcium & ESR blood test | relate this test to the skeletal system |
| lactic/lactic acid | relate this test to the muscular system |
| ABG (arterial blood gas) | relate this test to the respiratory system |
| FOBT (fecal occult blood test) | relate this test to the digestive systemm |
| O & P | ova & parisites |
| A1c, Diabetes | relate test for diabetes to the endocrine system |
| creatinine kinase | relate this test to the cardiovascular system |
| creatinine & BUN (blood urea nitrogen) | relate these tests to the urinary system |
| FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) | relate this test to the female reproductive system |
| hCG (human chorionic gonadatropin) | Mormon related to pregnancy |
| PSA (prostatic specific antigen) | relate test to the male reproductive system |
| test panel | laboratory tests associated with one organ or body system |
| test profile | group of test that assess at least 2 body systems |
| coronary, pulmonary & systemic | three types of circulation |
| the order of blood flow | artery, arterioles, capillaries, venues,, & veins |
| capillary | were the oxygen exchange take place |
| tunica adventitia | outer layer of the vessels |
| tunica media | middle layer of the vessels |
| tunica intima | inner layer of vessels |
| vessel lumen | space in the vessel were the blood flows |
| hematoma | blood that collects under to skin surface causing swelling |
| antecubital fossa | the inside elbow area, most preferred site to use for vein selection of venipuncture procedures |
| medical cubital | first vein of choice in venipuncture procedures |
| cephalic vein | second vein of choice for venipuncture procedures located on the thumb side of antecubital fossa |
| dorsal arch veins | the veins in the back of the hand and 3rd choice in venipuncture procedures |
| basilic vein | veins located on the pinky side of the antecubital fossa |
| RBC (red blood cells) | originate in the bone marrow, biconcave in shape, lives for 120 days waste filtered through the kidneys |
| hemolyzed, hemolysis | breaking down of the RBC |
| Neutrophil | phagocytize (engulf bacteria) increases during infection and inflammation |
| Monocyte | largest WBC also goes through phagocytosis, increases during chronic infections ;ike tuberculosis |
| Eosinophil | assist with inflammatory responses, destroy parasites incresase during allergies and parasitic infection |
| Lymphocyte | 2 types of this cell B & T cell |
| Basophils | assist with inflammatory response by releasing histamine, heparin, and count increases with chronic inflammation and during healing from infection |
| B-cell | releases antibodies that stick & attack foreign invaders in body |
| T-cell | assists in immune response by continually scanning the body |
| Thrombocytes | AKA platelets, these are the clotting cells, formed by fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytic |
| formed elements | RBC, WBC, Clotting cells |
| hematopoietic | blood forming |
| myeloid | developed from bone marrow |
| lymphoid | developed from the lymphatic system |
| biconcave | both sides of the RBC cave inward at the center |
| hemoglobin | molecule made up of protein (global) and iron (heme) |
| iatrogenic anemia | large amounts of blood removed over a short period of time |
| exsanguination | blood loss that exceeds 10 percent and becomes life threatening |
| bilirubin | destruction of the RBC, waste from the RBC yellow pigment |
| jaundice | yellow coloration of skin and eyes caused by the waste from the breaking down of the RBC |
| diapedesis | WBC's have the ability to pass through thin cell walls |
| phagocytosis | WBC's destroy and eat away foreign invaders in the body |
| plasma | pale yellow fluid made up oof water & solutes |
| fibrinogen | protein that aids in clotting in plasma |
| centrifugation | spinning of the specimen at a high speed in order to separate the heavier components from the liquid components |
| hemostasis | the controlling of the blood flow, the stopping of the flow of blood during injury |
| vasoconstriction | aka blood vessel spasm he first phase of hemostasis |
| platelet plug | the platelets are called into action , they clump together to form a plug which stops the flow of blood at site 2nd phase of hemostasis |
| coagulation | clotting factors along with platelets produce thrombin forming a mesh like sac that adheres to injury site 3rd phase of hemostasis |
| fibrinolysis | the breaking down of the clot final phase of hemostasis |
| ABO | blood types |
| type A | carry the A antigen on the surface of RBC, B antigen in their plasma |
| type B | carry the B antigen on surface of RBC, A antibody in their plasma |
| type AB | have both A & B on surface of RBC no A or B antigen in plasma |
| type O | have neither A or B antigen on surface of RBC, have both A and B in their plasma |
| RH factor | discovered by Karl Landsteiner doing research with Rhesus monkeys , D antigen, responsible for incompatibility while pregnant |
| agglutination | the clumping of the red blood cells |
Created by:
Kfoulkes
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