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ASMT- Pathology
info for path II final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidemiology | the frequency and distribution of a disease |
| Etiology | the cause of the disease |
| Prognosis | the expected outcome of a disease |
| Pathogenesis | the study of the development of a disease |
| Complication | a disease concurrent with another disease |
| Clinical Manifestation | presentation of a disease |
| Functional Significance | impact of a disease on the client |
| Atrophy | decrease in size of cells |
| Hyperplasia | increase in number of cells |
| Metaplasia | one adult cell replaces another adult cell |
| Hypertrophy | increase in size of cell |
| Dysplasia | the first irriversable step toward cancer |
| Pathogen | any disease producing microorganism |
| Antibody | a substance produced by plasma cells of the immune system to fight infectious agents |
| Antigen | any substance introduced into the body that triggers an immune response |
| Fibrosis | when an injury cannot be repaired by regeneration |
| Edema is an imbalance between which two pressures? | hydrostatic and oncotic |
| Hemostasis | a blood clot in a damaged vessel |
| Angiogenesis | the growth of new vessels |
| Nonspecific Resistance | first line of defense against threatening factors |
| Innate Immunity | second line of defense against threatening factors |
| Acquired Immunity | third line of defense against threatening factors |
| Oncogene | a gene that acts to convert normal cells to cancer cells |
| What are four characteristics of a malignant neoplasm? | rapid growth, poorly differentiatied, growth by ivasion of surrounding tissues, metastasis |
| Autoimmune Disease | a disease that develops as a result of the breakdown of self tolerance |
| Metastasis | a secondary tumor that develops at a site distant and separate from the original tumor |
| Cellular Immunity | type of immunity where T cells kill infectious agents directly |
| Virus | depend on a host for replication |
| Bacteria | multiply by binary fission |
| Incubation | the time between organism transmission to the development of symptoms in the host |
| Pathogenicity | the ability of the infectious agent to establish itself in a host and cause disease |
| Agonists | drugs that enhance a specific cell function |
| Obesity | when food derived energy chronically exceeds energy expenditure |
| Impetigo | common bacterial infection of the epidermis |
| Ultraviolet Light | the most important carcinogenic agent in most cutaneous cancers |
| Scabies | a contagious disease caused by mites |
| Cellulitis | a rapidly spreading acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue |
| Small Pox | a disease caused by the variola virus |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | a slow, chronic inflammatory degeneration of articular cartilage |
| Vascular | low back pain triggered by an aneurysm |
| Osteoporosis | the bones of the body have a reduction in bone mass while keeping the normal ratio of mineral to matrix |
| Lordosis | exaggerated lumbar curve |
| Mysthenia Gravis | an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal fatigability of skeletal muscle |
| Paget's Disease | a pathology of bone formation characterized by a thickening and disorganization of bone architecture |
| Chondromalacia | a type of asteoarthritis that affects the patellar cartilage in young people |
| Scoliosis | a lateral curve of the vertebral column |
| Pathologic Fracture | a fracture that is the result of a disease process that weakens the bone |
| Spina Bifida | a defective closure of teh neural tube |
| What are the two hallmark characteristics of increased intercranial pressure? | headache and vomiting |
| Cerebral Palsy | a motor disorder acquired in utero, during the birth process, or soon after birth |
| Seizure | a disorder characterized by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain |
| Hydrocephalus | an accumulation of excess CSF in the ventricular system of the brain |
| Subdural Hematoma | a traumatic brain injury with a disruption of the bridging veins between the cortex and the dural venous sinuses, most likely when cerebral atrophy is present |
| Paraplegia | a loss of sensory and motor funtion in the lower extremeties |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | an interruption in the delivery of oxygento the brain |
| Mutiple Sclerosis | the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS |
| Meningioma | arising outside the brain substance and attaching to the dura, it is a benign, encapsulated neoplasm |
| Alzheimer's Disease | with unkown etiology it is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, most often occurring after age 50 with increased incidence as age increases |
| Concussion | a transient loss of cerebral function that immediately follows a head injury |
| Migraine | a headache that is sometimes preceded by sensory hallucinations |
| Parkinsonism | a disturbance of motor function with rigidity, gait distrubances, and a slowing of voluntary movements |
| Grave's Disease | marked by exopthalmus, the protrusion of the eyeballs |
| Thyrotoxicosis | increased secretion of thyroid hormones in adults |
| Cushing's Syndrome | excess secretion of adrenocortical hormones |
| Cretinism | decreased secretion of thyroid hormone in children |
| Type I Diabetes | results from the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells within the Islets of Langerhans |
| Granulocytopenia | a condition of the blood characterized by an abnormally low number of white blood cells |
| Hemophilia | a bleeding disorder |
| Angina Pectoris | a disorder characterized by intermittent chest pain |
| Varicose Vein | an abnormally dialated and tortuous vein produced by increased intraluminal pressure |
| Atherosclerosis | a disease of blood vessels characterized by the narrowing and weakening of arteries |
| Anemia | a disease that reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood |
| Leukemia | a disease of the blood marked by a proliferation of nonfunctional white blood cells |
| Congestive Heart Failure | a disease resulting from the hearts inability to eject an adequate amount of blood |
| Hypertension is most often the result of an imbalance between which two factors? | cardiac output and total peripheral resistance |
| Raynaud Disease | paroxysomal pallor or cyznosis of the hands and feet |
| Atelectasis | acollapsed lung or bronchial tube |
| Chronic Bronchitis | a chronic productive cough with no discernible cause for > 3 months for 2 consecutive years |
| Pneumothorax | presence of air in the pleural cavity |
| Pneumonia | a respiratory disease that occurs most often as a complication of another illness |
| Croup | an infection of the larynx |
| Asthma | episodic reversible bronchospasm accompanied by bronghial inflammation |
| Emphysema | enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of lung parenchyma |
| Achlasia | the absence peristalsis within the esophagus |
| Cirrhosis | progressive fibrosis that ultimately destroys the liver |
| Reflux | regurgitation of gastric contents |
| Intussusception | telescoping of the bowel into itself |
| Diverticulum | an acquired herniation of the mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layer of the gut |
| Atresia | the absence of a lumen in a section of the gut tube |
| Volvulus | a segment of the bowel that twists on its mesentery |
| Stenosis | an incomplete stricture that narrows but does not occlude the lumen |
| Hernia | loops of small bowel passing through unintended openings |
| E. Coli | most common cause of pyelonephritis and urinary tract infections |
| Condyloma Acuminatum | a common cervical lesion caused by the human papilloma virus |
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