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HSII Chpt. 3 (Pt. 2)
Gastroenterology diseases
| Anorexia | An eating disorder that causes people to weigh less than is considered healthy for their age and height, usually by excessive weight loss. Decreased appetite. |
| Dysphagia | Difficult or painful eating or swallowing. |
| Polyphagia | A feeling of extreme, insatiable hunger leading to excessive overeating. |
| Cheilitis | Inflammation of the lips. |
| Glossitis | Inflammation of the tongue. |
| Sialolithiasis | A benign condition involving the formation of stones within the ducts of the major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation and redness of the oral mucosa. |
| Esophageal varices | Enlarged veins in the esophagus. |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | A chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus. |
| Heartburn | A form of indigestion felt as a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the esophagus. |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood. |
| Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | A condition that causes ulcers (open sores) to develop in the lining of your digestive tract. “Peptic” means it's related to digestion. |
| Stomach cancer | Cancer in the stomach. [An abnormal growth and division of cells that starts in the stomach.] |
| Ileus | Absence of peristalsis in the intestines. [A temporary lack of the normal muscle contractions of the intestines as a result, the intestines are unable to move food and waste through the body normally.] |
| Intussusception | A life-threatening illness that occurs when a portion of the intestine folds like a telescope, with one segment slipping inside another segment, causing an intestinal obstruction. |
| Volvulus | Occurs when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supplies it, causing a bowel obstruction. |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation and swelling of the appendix. |
| Colic | A type of abdominal pain or a condition that causes excessive crying in infants. Also, when a seemingly healthy baby cries for a very long time for no obvious reason. |
| Colon cancer | Cancer in the colon. [An abnormal growth and division of cells that starts in a part of the large intestine called the colon.] |
| Dysentery | A gastrointestinal disease caused by bacterial or parasitic infections. Often causes severe diarrhea with blood or mucus in it. |
| Gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) | A chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine that is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. |
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | A chronic condition that affects the large intestine and is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Inflammation of the colon and rectum. Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. |
| Crohn’s Disease | A type of IBD. An inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the GI tract, which extends from your stomach all the way down to your anus. |
| Ulcerative Colitis | A type of IBD. A chronic, or long-lasting, disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the inner lining of the large intestine, which includes the colon and the rectum—the end part of the colon. |
| Hemorrhoids | Swollen and inflamed veins around your anus or in your lower rectum. Can be inside or outside of the rectum. |
| Rectocele (posterior vaginal prolapse) | A type of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) where weakened tissues in your pelvis cause your rectum to sag onto your vaginal wall. |
| Proctitis | Inflammation of the rectum's mucous membrane. (procto- means rectum) |
| Constipation | A condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don't happen very often. |
| Diarrhea | Diarrhea is loose, watery stools three or more times a day. Diarrhea may be acute, persistent, or chronic. |
| Flatulence | FARTS |
| Incontinence | Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). |
| Adhesions | A band of scar tissue that joins two internal body surfaces that are not usually connected. |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation in your peritoneum, the tissue that lines your abdomen and covers your abdominal organs. |
| Hernia | A medical condition that occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak area in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. |
| Ascites | Occurs when fluid builds up in the abdomen due to high pressure in the liver's veins and low albumin levels in the blood. |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic liver disease. [A chronic liver disease that occurs when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, preventing the liver from functioning properly. |
| Hepatitis A | Acute but short-lived infection . Exposure to contaminated water or food from feces from a person who is infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) |
| Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) | Acute infection. Exposure to blood of infected person with hepatitis B virus (HBV) Also spread during sexual activity. (Saliva and vaginal secretions.) Infected mother can pass hep B to fetus (before birth or during breastfeeding.) |
| Hepatitis C | Acute infection Blood infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) Not readily transmitted by sexual activity or from mother to fetus. Chronic HCV is the main cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. |
| Hepatitis D (delta hepatitis) | Secondary infection Caused by mutated (changed) hepatitis virus. Only develops in patients who already have hepatitis B. |
| Hepatitis E | Similar to hepatitis A Rarely occurs in the United States. |
| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver beyond its normal size. |
| Jaundice | A yellow discoloration of the body tissue resulting from the accumulation of excess bilirubin. |
| Liver cancer | Cancer in the liver. [An abnormal growth and division of cells that starts in the liver.] |
| Cholangitis | Swelling (inflammation) of the bile duct system that results from infection. |
| Cholecystitis | A condition that causes the gallbladder to become inflamed, swollen, and red. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones. [Hardened pieces of bile that form in your gallbladder or bile ducts.] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Cancer in the pancreas. [An abnormal growth and division of cells that starts in the pancreas.] |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
| Hepatitis | The most common chronic liver disease. |
Created by:
Tea Lad
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