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Medical Terminology
Chapters 3 & 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ankyl/o | Crooked, bent, stiff |
| arthr/o | Joint |
| burs/o | Bursa |
| chondr/i, chondr/o | Cartilage |
| cost/o | Rib |
| Crani/o | Skull |
| -desis | To bind, tie together |
| Kyph/o | Bent, hump |
| lord/o | Curve, sway back, bent |
| -lysis | Loosening or setting free |
| myel/o | Spinal cord, bone marrow |
| oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o | Bone |
| scoll/o | Curved, bent |
| spondyl/o | Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone |
| synovi/o, synov/o | Synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
| Acetabulum | The socket of the hipbone, into which the femur fits |
| Allogenic | Being genetically different, while belonging to the same species |
| Ankylosing Spondyitis | An inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine to fuse |
| Arthrodesis | Orthopedic surgery in which two or more bones in a joint are fused to become one larger bone |
| Arthroscopy | A procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems |
| Autologous | Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA |
| Avascular Necrosis | The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply |
| Chrondromalacia | Result of overuse, injury, or too much stress on the knee |
| Comminuted Fracture | Bone that is broken in at least two places |
| Compression Fracture | A type of break in the bones in your back that stack up to form your spine |
| Costochondritis | An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone |
| Craniostenosis | Malformation of the skull caused by premature closure of the cranial sutures |
| Crepitation | A crackling or rattling sound |
| Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry | Procedure that measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in a bone |
| Gout | Common and complex form of arthritis |
| Hallux Valgus | A complex deformity of the first ray of the fore foot |
| Hemarthrosis | A condition of articular bleeding, that is into the joint cavity |
| Hemopoietic | Pertaining to the formation of blood or blood cells |
| Internal Fixation | A surgical procedure used to internally set and stabilize fractured bones |
| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis | A form of arthritis in children |
| Kyphosis | Excessive outward curvature of the spine |
| Laminectomy | A surgical operation to remove the bock of one or more vertebrae |
| Lordosis | Excessive inward curvature of the spine |
| Lumbago | Pain in the muscles and joints of the lower back |
| Malleolus | A bone projection with a shape likened to a hammer head |
| Manubrium | The uppermost segment of the sternum of humans and many other mammals |
| Metacarpals | Any of several tubular bones between the wrist bones and each of the fore limb digits in land vertebrates, corresponding to the metatarsal bones of the foot |
| Metatarsals | The five long bones found in each foot |
| Mycloma | A malignant tumor of the bone marrow |
| Open Fracture | Fractured bone and low fracture hematoma are exposed to the external environment |
| Orthopedic Surgeon | A surgeon who has special training in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases of the muscular skeletal system |
| Orthotic | A support, brace, or splint used to support, align, prevent, or correct the function of movable parts of the body |
| Osteitis | Inflammation of the substance of a bone |
| Osteoarthritis | Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone |
| Osteochondroma | A benign tumor that develops during childhood or adolescence |
| Osteoclasis | The surgical destruction of bone tissue |
| Osteomalacia | Softening of the bones |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of bone or bone marrow |
| Osteopenia | Reduced bone mass of lesser severity than osteoporosis |
| Osteoporosis | A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue |
| Osteoporotic Hip Fracture | Fractures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in a fracture |
| Osteorraphy | The surgical suturing or joining of fragments of broken bone |
| Paget's Disease | A disease of bone interferes with your bodies normal recycling process |
| Pathologic Fracture | A broken bone caused by disease |
| Percutaneous Verbebroplasty | A minimally invasive treatment involving percutaneous needle injection of bone cement into a disease vertebral body |
| Periostitis | A medical condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds bone |
| Podiatrist | A physician surgeon who treats the foot, ankle and related structures of the leg |
| Polymyalgia Rheumatica | Inflammatory disease characterized by muscle pain |
| Prothesis | A device designed to replace a missing body part |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | A chronic autoimmune disease that mostly affects joints |
| Rickets | A condition in children in which bones become soft and deformed |
| Scoliosis | A sideways curvature of the spine |
| Spina Bifida | A body's spine and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine |
| Spiral Fracture | One of your bones is broken with a twisting motion |
| Spondylolisthesis | A condition that occurs when one vertebral body slips with respect to the adjacent vertebral body causing radicular or mechanical symptoms or pain |
| Spondylosis | The development of age-related arthritis that affects the spine |
| Subluxation | An incomplete or partial dislocation of of a joint or organ |
| Synovectomy | Removal of the synovial lining of the joint |
| Vertebrae | A irregular bone with a complex structure that makes up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates |
| Bi- | Twice, double |
| -Cele | Hernia |
| Dys- | Bad, painful |
| Fasci/o | Fascia, fibrous band (root) |
| Fibr/o | Fibrous tissue (root) |
| -la | Abnormal condition, disease, plural of Ium |
| -Ic | Pertaining to |
| Kines/o, Kinesi/o | Movement(root) |
| My/o | Muscle(root) |
| Plegia | Paralysis, stroke (root) |
| -rrhexis | Rupture |
| Tax/o | Coordination (root) |
| Ten/o, tend/o, Tendin/o | Tendon(root) |
| Ton/o | Tone, tension (root) |
| Tri- | Three |
| Abduction | The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body |
| Adhesion | A band of scar tissue that joins two internal body surfaces that are not usually connected |
| Ataxia | A lack of muscle coordination that causes awkward clumsy movements that affect walking, arm and hand use, speaking, or eye movement |
| Atonic | Lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| Atrophy | A decrease in the size of an organ or tissue |
| Bradykinesia | Slowness in movement or decrease in speed while moving |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | A numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Extreme fatigue that can't be explained by an existing medical condition. |
| Circumduction | Moving a limb in a circular or conical motion, where one end off the limb remains stationary while the other describes a circle |
| Contracture | A shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues causing the joints to shorten and stiffen preventing movement |
| Dorsiflexion | The backward bending and contracting of your hand/foot |
| Dyskinesia | Involuntary, erratic, withering movements of the face, arms legs, or trunk |
| Dystonia | Involuntary maintained contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles yielding abnormal posturing |
| Electromyography | (EMG) Measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to nerves stimulation of the muscles |
| Epicondylitis | (Tennis elbow) The swelling of the tendons that bend your wrist backward away from your palm |
| Ergonomics | The study of people's efficiency in their working environment |
| Exercise physiologist | A healthcare professional who has completed a degree in excise physiology |
| Facscitis | Inflammation of the fascia of a muscle or organ |
| Fibromyalagia | A chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain |
| Gangilon cyst | A small, fluid-filled lump just below your skin that usually appears over a joint or in a tendon |
| Heel spur | A calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone |
| Hemiparesis | One-sided muscle weakness |
| Hemiplegia | One-sided muscle weakness |
| Hernia | A condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it |
| Hyperkinesia | Extreme or excessive activity of a part of the body, especially the muscles |
| Hypotonia | Reduced muscle tone or tension |
| Impingement syndrome | Pinching or rubbing together inside a joint |
| Insertion | The movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle, which produces changes in shape or skeletal movement when the muscle contracts |
| Intermittent clausication | Lower extremity skeletal muscle pain that occurs during exercise |
| Muscular dystrophy | A group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles |
| Myasthenia gravis | A chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles |
| Myocele | Hernia of a muscle |
| Myoclonus | Sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles |
| Myofascial release | A therapy technique often used in massage |
| Myolysis | A medical procedure that uses an energy source to destroy muscle tissue |
| Myoparesis | Weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| Myorrhapy | The suturing of muscle tissue |
| Neuromuscular | Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle |
| Oblique | Indirect; slanting, or the side abdominal muscles |
| Origin | Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction |
| Paralysis | Temporary or permanent loss of motor control |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis that affects your legs, making it impossible to stand or walk |
| Physiatrist | A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| Plantar fasciitis | Cutting part of the plantar fascia ligament to release tension on the ligament |
| Polymyositis | Is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body |
| Pronation | Turning the palm downward |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four limbs |
| Sarcopenia | The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging |
| Shin splint | A painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia |
| Singultus | Hiccups |
| Sphincter | Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| Sprain | Stretching or tearing of ligaments |
| Tenodesis | Surgical attachment of a tendon to a bone |
| Tenolysis | Tendon release |
| Tenorrhapy | The surgical operation of uniting the ends of divided tendons by suture |
| Tenosynovitis | Inflammation of the protective sheath |
| Tenotomy | Incision into a tendon |
| Torticollis | Head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle |
| Transverse | Divides body into upper and lower parts |
| ADL | Activities of daily living |
| CTS | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| CFS | Chronic fatigue syndrome |
| EMG | Electromyography |
| Hemi | Hemiplagia |
| IC | Intermittent claudication |
| MD | Muscular dystrophy |
| MG | Myasthenia gravis |
| OT | Occupational therapy |
| PM | Polymyositis |
| Quad | Quadriplegia |
| RSD | Repetitive stress disorder |
| ROM | Range of motion testing |
| Deltoid | Muscular cap of shoulder |
| Gluteus maximus | Buttox muscle |
Created by:
Maddie Taylor
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