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Unit 2 Exam 11/1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute monarchy | the king has absolute power/authority |
| Divine Right of Kings | The kings receive power from God |
| Louis XIV | “The Sun King”, “One King, One Law, One Faith” |
| Henry Of Navarre | Member of the Burbon Family in France |
| Cadinal Richieleu | Religious leader, new leader of France |
| Marie Antoinnete | Daughter of Marie Theresa of the Hapsburg Family |
| Marie Theresa | Mother of Marie Antoinnete |
| Hapsburg Family | Catholic Family, Ruled Spain and Austria, married their cousins |
| Queen Elizabeth | Last queen of the Tudor |
| Cavaliers | Supporters of the kings |
| Round Heads | Supporters of the parliament |
| Savoy | Ruled over Sicily |
| Hohenzollern | dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415–1918) and of imperial Germany (1871–1918). |
| Hapsburg | Antoinnetes |
| Capet | Capetian dynasty, ruling house of France from 987 to 1328, during the feudal period of the Middle Ages. By extending and consolidating their power, the Capetian kings laid the foundation of the French nation-state. |
| geocentric theory | The idea came from Aristotle, the Greek philosopher of the fourth century B.C. |
| Scientific Revolution | The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world. That way was based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs. |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | In the early 1500s, Copernicus became interested in an old Greek idea that the sun stood at the center of the universe. |
| Heliocentric theory | Sun centered theory proposed by Copernicus in the early 1500s |
| Tycho Brahe | Danish astronomer who carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years. |
| Johannes Kepler | A brilliant mathematician who concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion. |
| Galileo Galilei | An Italian scientist who rebelled against the church and built on the new theories about astronomy. |
| scientific method | The scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. |
| Isaac Newton | the great English scientist who discovered gravity. |
| Zacharias Janssen | Dutch inventor of the microscope |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | a Dutch drapery merchant and amateur scientist who used a microscope to observe bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings. |
| Thomas Hobbes | In 1651, Hobbes expressed his ideas in a work called Leviathan, The horrors of the English Civil War convinced him that all humans were naturally selfish and wicked. |
| social contract. | Hobbes argued that to escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. |
| John Locke | He believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. |
| Voltaire | François Marie Arouet, under the pen name, Voltaire wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosiphies and dramas. |
| Montesquieu | Montesquieu devoted himself to the study of political liberty. Montesquieu believed that Britain was the best-governed and most politically balanced country of his own day. |
| Old Regime | The social and political system of France in the 1770s |
| Estates | Under this old regime, the people of France were separated into these large social classes called estates. |
| Louis XIV | Weak king who came to French throne in 1774 |
| Marie Antoinnete | Unpopular queen; wife of Louis XVI |
| Estates-General | Assembly of representatives from all three estates |
| National Assembly | French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate |
| Tennis Court Oath | Promise made by Third Estate representatives to draw up a new constitution |
| Great Fear | Wave of panic |
| Napoleon | Military leader who seized power in France |
| peninsulares | Latin Americans born in Spain |
| creoles | Spaniards born in Latin America |
| Miguel Hidalgo | Priest who began the revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico |
| Russification | A policy of forcing Russian culture on ethnic groups in the Russian Empire |
| Camillo di Cavour | Prime minister who unified northern Italy |
| Otto von Bismarck | Leader who worked to expand Prussia |
| Junker | Wealthy German landholders |
| realpolitik | Tough, practical politics |
| kaiser | Emperor |
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