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civ 201 module 2

bless why am i in this class

TermDefinition
democracy/democratic most or all of the people elect representatives and in some cases decide on important issues themselves SUBCULTURE: Greeks had democracy but not really because only free Greek men could vote
republic/republicanism in the place of kings, the people are sovereign, often electing representatives to executive and legislative offices SUBCULTURE: at one point the Romans had a republic with a Senate
monotheism the belief in one god or divine power SUBCULTURE: in classical Arabia, a man named Mohammed proclaimed that there was only one god and criticized Christianity for placing so much importance on the divinity of Jesus
shahanshah king of kings; titled used by Persian rulers SUBCULTURE: the Persian rulers used the title; the first Achaemenid Persian ruler called himself that after uniting the empire
hellenistic describes the period of Greek history that lasted from the death of Alexander the Great until Romans conquered their remaining territories SUBCULTURE: the Hellenistic Jews translated their texts into Greek
transcendence realm of reality above and beyond the limits of sensory experience SUBCULTURE: Daoism believed the Dao was force beyond the universe that unified everything; utilized during the Han Dynasty
synagogue Jewish meeting places for prayer, religious worship, and legal consultation SUBCULTURE: The Jews in the Achaemenid Persian Empire were given autonomy and built their own synagogues in towns and cities
altruism the practice of acting in an unselfish manner for the good of others SUBCULTURE: Buddha encouraged it as part of his code of conduct; Ashoka adopted this when he became a Buddhist ruler (Mauryan Empire) and did public works
atheistic not believing in a god or divine being SUBCULTURE: Jainism, which was adopted by the Mauryan ruler Chandragupta, involves attaining salvation by not hurting any living thing
silk road overland trade routes that connected eastern and western Eurasia SUBCULTURE: the Parthian Persians opened up contact with China through the Silk Road, where they traded for silk and other goods
asceticism/ascetic severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence SUBCULTURE: Jainism was adopted by Chandragupta Maurya after he abdicated the throne of the Mauryan Empire—he practiced extreme asceticism by starving himself to death in a cave
creed a system of beliefs (often religious) that guides one’s actions SUBCULTURE: When Constantine made the Roman Empire Christian, he issued a creed that everyone had to follow (it laid out how to practice Christianity)
contrapposto an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with, while balancing, those of the hips and legs SUBCULTURE: sculpture style used by Classical Greeks to show perfect human
orthodoxy authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice SUBCULTURE: the Romans practiced Orthodox Christianity (Diphysite) once they became an officially Christian empire
stupa a dome shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine SUBCULTURE: the Buddhists in the Gupta Empire built stupas as commemorative burial mounds
prophet a person regarded as a teacher/proclaimer of the will of God SUBCULTURE: in the Islamic faith, Mohammed is regarded as the last prophet; it’s important to note they don’t see him as a god or deity
cosmopolitan including/containing people from many different countries/cultures SUBCULTURE: the Parthian Persian Empire was cosmopolitan because they allowed Greeks and Phoenicians to live within their empire with their own cultures
pax romana “Roman Peace”; attained through military rule for 200 years SUBCULTURE: the Roman Empire used military rule to establish a “peaceful” and orderly society
Created by: emma1311
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