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AAH1010-Exam1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Figurative Art | Strong reference to the real world and particularly the human figure |
| Representational Art | Some aspect of reality |
| Abstract Art | Non-representative, or non-ojective |
| Cuneiform | Means wedged shaped. One of the oldest forms of writing known. |
| Ziggurat | Visual and spiritual center of a city during Mesopotamian times. |
| Apadana | Large ceremonial building |
| Aten | Means sun |
| Ankh | Means life |
| Humanism | The word for human dignity and worth, Greek concept |
| Cella/Naos | The interior room that holds the cult statue of a god |
| Pronaos | The space between the outer columns and the cella entrance in a temple |
| Opisthodomos | The small room at the rear of the temple, commonly a treasury |
| Peristyle | The rows of columns which surround a temple or courtyard |
| Entasis | The swelling of a column at its base and center to appear perfectly straight |
| Pediment | Triangular space above entablature at short sides of temple. These were richly decorated with sculptures in the round |
| Chiastic Balance | Sculpture that emphasized a counterbalance of tension and relaxation through shoulder and hip movement |
| Pericles | Led Athens. was an incredibly well-liked ruler. Known for advocating for the common people |
| Entablature | Decorated area above a column |
| Were Sumerians the first to use composite perspective in representing figures? | No |
| Was the Mesopotamians’ lack of skill in stone carving due to their preference for other materials such as clay? | No |
| Does Prehistory include human existence prior to the development of written records? | Yes |
| Does the word Mesopotamia mean “between two mountains.” | No, it's between two rivers |
| What does Paleolithic mean? | Old stone |
| Who invented Cuneiform? | The Sumerians |
| Did Egyptian sculpture become increasingly naturalistic with each dynasty? | No |
| Was Minoan culture characterized as matriarchal given representation of powerful women? | Yes |
| In an Egyptian mastaba is the statue of the deceased kept in the serdab? | Yes |
| Ancient Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean civilizations are part of what age? | Bronze Age |
| Did the Vedas and Upanishads inform the early development of South Asian religious traditions? | Yes |
| Did South Asian artists sought to render human anatomy with a degree of accuracy equal to that of Classical Greek artists? | No |
| Does a Boddhisatva help others reach enlightenment? | Yes |
| Circumambulation is a devotional act that involves walking around a sacred object or structure. | True |
| The pagoda is a secular structure, not a religious structure. | False |
| Is Urna a Hindu deity? | No - Devi, Shiva, and Vishnu are |
| Interpretations of Mithuna figures don't include what? | They don't suggest sexual promiscuity and lack of discipline |
| Did Buddha support the caste system? | No, he did not support the caste system |
| The primary deity of a Hindu temple is said to reside in its womb chamber or _______ | Garba Griha |
| A yakshi figure personifies what? | Fertility and Vegetation |
| The name for a symbolic hand gesture in Buddhist and Hindu iconography is a _______. | Mudra |
| The Vedas | Foundational religious knowledge written in Sanskrit; establishes the caste system |
| The Upanishads | Texts reacting to the Vedas that foreground key ideas like karma, samsara, and moksha |
| Karma | The sum of a person's actions |
| Buddha | Man, who attributed all to human endeavor and intelligence |
| Dharma | The law; four noble truths, doctrine |
| Ashoka | An Indian emperor of the Maury Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent |
| Toranas | Ceremonial gateways |
| Jatakas | Any of the extremely popular stories of former lives of the Buddha, which are preserved in all branches of Buddhism |
| Mandala | Hindu and Buddhist tantrism, a symbolic diagram used in the performance of sacred rites and as an instrument of meditation |
| Stupa | Mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics |
| Chaitya Hall | Shrine, sanctuary, temple, or prayer hall in Indian religions |
| Aniconic | Refers to the symbolic representation of a divine or supernatural figure as opposed to representing in human form |
| Ushnisha | The cranial lump that symbolizes the "expanded wisdom" the Buddha attained at the time of his enlightenment |
| Urna | The mark in the center of the Buddha's forehead, refers to his supernatural wisdom |
| Nirvana | Transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, subject is released from the effects of karma. Ultimate goal of Buddhism |
| Shiva | Hindu god of destruction |
| Brahma | Hindu god of creation |
| Vishnu | Hindu god of preservation |
| Linga | Aniconic representation of Shiva |
| Shikhara | Sanskrit word translating literally "mountain peak" |
| Ratha | The Indo-Iranian term for a spoked-wheel chariot or a cart of antiquity; chariot of gods |
| Northern style | Peaked mandapas |
| Southern style | Flat mandapas |
| Vimana | Mythological flying palaces or chariots described in Hindu texts and Sanskrit epics |
| Mithuna | Loving couple - These have multiple meaning, ranging from obvious celebration of pleasure to symbolic longing for a soul's connection/union to the divine |
| Order of Ancient Near East Art | Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Achaemenid Persian |
| Order of Ancient Egypt Art | Pre-/Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom (Amarna) |
| Order of Ancient Aegean Art | Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean |
| Order of Ancient Greece Art | Geometric and Orientalizing, Archaic, High Classical, Late Classical, Hellenistic |
| Order of South Asia Art | Indus Civilization, Maurya Dynasty, Shunga Sattvavahana and Kushan Dynasties, Gupta and Post-Gupta Periods, and Medieval Period |
| Key beliefs during the Ancient Greek period | Humanism, Rationalism, Idealism |
| What does the bottom register of the Warka vase represent and symbolize? | Plants and animals symbolizing the natural world and fertility |
| What does the middle register of the Warka vase represent and symbolize? | Naked male figures with possible produce, symbolizing offerings |
| What does the top register of the Warka vase represent and symbolize? | A ceremonial scene, symbolizing the divine approval of a ruler and agricultural abundance |
| What does the continuous frieze on the harvester vase represent? | Harvest celebration or ceremony - daily life of people |
| The harvester vase is a celebration, what is the meaning of the Warka vase? | To show that agriculture is important because it's an opportunity to offer a sacrifice to the gods, likely Inanna since it was found in Uruk. |
| What era and area is the Warka vase from? | Sumerian, Ancient Near East |
| What era and area is the harvester vase from? | Minoan, Ancient Aegean |
| What kind of relief sculpture is the Stele of Naram-Sin? | Low relief carved on both-sides |
| What kind of scene does both the Stele of Naram-Sin and the Palette of King Narmer? | Battle scenes |
| What does the horned helmet on Naram-Sin's head represent? | His divinity |
| What god is depicted as a cow at the top of the Palette of King Narmer? | Hathor |
| Naram-Sin is shown in what kind of scale? | Hierarchic |
| What work is known as being one of the first depicting a ruler as a deity or god-like figure | The Stele of Naram-Sin |
| What is the function of the Palette of King Narmer? | Ceremonial use, to show his power, and unification of Egypt |
| What is the function of the Stele of Naram-Sin? | Propaganda, to intimidate enemies, and prove his power |
| What style features does the Parthenon have? | Mostly doric, some ionic |
| Which goddess is the Parthenon dedicated to? | Athena |
| What parts of the Parthenon display art that shows Athena's power? | Pediments, metopes, and friezes |
| Who was in power when the Parthenon was built? | Pericles |
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