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LECTURE REVIEW 3
Chest Radiography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List three body cavities that occupy the trunk | Thoracic, Abdominal, and Pelvic Cavity |
| What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Diaphragm |
| List the structures of the bony thorax | Sternum, clavicles, scapulae, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 pairs of vertebrae |
| Two functions of the Respiratory System | Take in oxygen, remove carbon dioxide |
| What are the 5 parts of the Respiratory System | Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs |
| What organ is common to both the respiratory system and the digestive system | Pharynx |
| The most proximal portion of the respiratory system is the | Larynx |
| What bone suspends the larynx in the anterior neck | Hyoid Bone |
| List the three portions of the Pharynx | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
| This structure that acts as a lid to prevent food and fluid from entering the trachea | Epiglottis |
| The "second" portion of the Respiratory tract which bifurcates into the Right and Left main stem bronchi at T5 | Trachea |
| The bony spur of cartilage where the trachea bifurcates is called the | Carina |
| Where will foreign bodies most likely lodge if accidently swallowed | Right main stem bronchus (Due to it being shorter, wider, and more vertical) |
| How many lobes and secondary bronchi does the Right Lung have | 3 |
| How many lobes and secondary bronchi does the Left Lung have | 2 |
| Functional unit of the lung which exchanges oxygen and carbondioxide | Alveoli |
| Which two veins bring back deoxygenated blood back to the heart | Superior and Inferior Vena Cava |
| Which vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right side of the heart | Pulmonary Artery |
| Which vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lung back to the left side of the heart | Pulmonary Vein |
| Which lung is shorter then the other | Right lung |
| The two fissures of the right lung | Horizontal Fissure, Oblique Fissure |
| The fissure of the left lung | Oblique Fissure (left lung only has one fissure) |
| On the medial side of the left lung is the _ _ to accommodate the heart | Cardiac Notch |
| List the two membranous linings within the chest cavity | Visceral Pleura, Parietal Pleura |
| Which Pleura covers the lungs | Visceral Pleura |
| Vertical partition between the lungs is called the | Mediastinum |
| List the structures of the mediastinum | Trachea, Esophagus, Bronchi, Heart and Great Vessels, Thymus Gland (Only in children). |
| List the 5 great Vessels within the mediastinum | Aorta, Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Arteries, Pulmonary Veins |
| What does COPD stand for and what are the two main types | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema |
| Inflammation of the lung resulting in accumulation of fluid within a segment of the lung | Pneumonia |
| often caused by Congestive Heart Failure. Fluid in the lungs and air sacs. | Pulmonary Edema |
| Inflammation of the Pleura most commonly caused by viral infections | Pleurisy or Pleuritis |
| What abnormality is almost always found accidentally on a chest X-ray or CT scan | Benign Neoplasms |
| More common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant | Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| List three reasons why the Routine Projections of the Chest are performed upright | Allows Diaphragm to move to its lowest position Demonstrates air levels / fluid levels within chest Prevents engorgement of the Pulmonary vessels |
| What is the purpose of using a 72" SID when performing the routine projections of the chest | Minimize enlargement of the heart |
| How to determine if chest x-ray was taken on inspiration | 10 ribs above diaphragm |
| Define Effusion | An abnormal collection of fluid in hollow spaces/cavities or between tissues of the body |
| Define Edema | Medical term for swelling. Edema happens when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues. |
| What is the kVp range used for chest radiography | 110-125 |
| What AEC photocells are selected when performing the PA projection | Outer chamber |
| What AEC photocells are selected when performing the Lateral Projection | Center chamber |
| Where is the top of the IR placed when performing the PA projection of chest | 1-2" above the shoulder |
| Which thoracic vertebra is the CR directed to when performing the PA projection of Chest | T7 |
| Why is the IR placed lower on the Lateral Chest Projection | Due to increase in OID of the lower right lung field |
| List three reasons why modifications of the routine projections may be necessary when performing a chest exam | Inability to stand Unstable condition Pediatrics |
| List the repeatable errors if the CR is not placed perpendicular when performing a Portable AP Projection of the Chest performed with the patient in a Semi-Upright position: | A. The Clavicles will be projected above the Apices B. The Ribs will lie in a horizontal plane C. There will be distortion of the thoracic organs |
| List the different types of lines / tubes / medical devices that will be evaluated when performing a Portable AP Projection of the Chest: | A. Endotracheal tube B. Central Venous Catheter (CVC) C. Peripherally inserted Central Catheter (PICC) D. Swan-Ganz Catheter E. Port-a-Cath F. Chest Tubes G. Pacemakers |
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