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Body Structure:
Body Structure and Processes - Skeletal System - 7/10/24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many functions does the skeleton have? | 5 |
| functions of skeleton? | support storage of minerals blood cell production protection leverage |
| how does the skeleton provide leverage? | long bones function as levers to change the size and directions of forces |
| how many bones are in human skeleton? | 206 |
| two types of skeleton? | axial and appendicular |
| axial skeleton? | skull, ribs, vertebrae |
| how many cranial bones? | 8 |
| how may bones in spinal column? | 26 |
| name the bones in the spinal column | vertebrae, sacral and coccygeal |
| how many vertebrae in spinal column? | 24 |
| how many bones in thoracic cage? | 25 |
| how many ribs are there? | 24 ribs |
| appendicular skeleton? | limbs + pelvis |
| how is the appendicular skeleton split? | pectoral/ shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and limbs |
| how many bones in each upper limb and pectoral girdle? | 32 |
| how many bones in each lower limb and pelvic girdle? | 31 |
| what is the long central shaft of bone? | diaphysis |
| what is the diaphysis made of? | compact bone |
| what is the expanded end of bone? | epiphysis |
| what is the epiphysis made of? | spongy bone |
| what covers the entire structure and isolates the bone from other surrounding tissues? | periosteum |
| periosteum? | covers the entire structure and isolates the bone from surrounding tissues |
| long bones? | longer than they are wide epiphysis at bone ends surface of compact bone and a marrow containing spongy bone interior both ends covered with hyaline cartilage |
| in long bones what are both ends covered in? | hyaline cartilage |
| where is compact bone in long bones? | surface |
| where is spongy bone in long bones? | in marrow interior |
| short bones? | length and width roughly equal provide strength and support layer of compact bone on surface is very thin mostly spongy bone with lots of marrow |
| describe the layer of compact bone in short bones | very thin |
| describe the spongy bone and marrow in short bones | mostly spongy bone with lots of marrow |
| flat bones? | thin and broad anterior and posterior surfaces are compact bone which protects spongy bone interior produce highest volume of RBC in adults |
| flat bone main functions? | protection of vital organs provide base for muscle attachment |
| how is the spongy bone interior protected in flat bones? | anterior and posterior surface are compact bone |
| why is the anterior and posterior surface of flat bones compact bone? | to protect spongy bone interior |
| irregular bones? | non uniform shapes structure reflects function often provide anchor points for attachment of skeletal muscle mostly spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone |
| what do irregular bones often provide anchor points for? | attachment of skeletal muscle |
| describe spongy bone and compact bone in irregular bones | mostly spongy bone with thin layer of compact bone |
| sesamoid bones? | short or irregular bones embedded within a tendon occur in tendons that pass over joins to offer more protection |
| where are sesamoid bones embedded in? | tendon |
| how do sesamoid bones offer more protection? | by occurring in tendons that pass over joints |
| why do sesamoid bones occur in tendons that pass over joints? | to offer more protection |
Created by:
cowcow
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