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Med Term - Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aque/o | water |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva (to bind together) |
| corne/o | cornea |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| ir/o | iris (colored circle) |
| irid/o | iris (colored circle) |
| lacrim/o | tear |
| dacry/o | tear |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o | eye |
| phac/o | lens |
| phak/o | lens |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | hard (or sclera) |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| -opia (additional suffix) | condition of vision |
| anterior chamber | fluid space between the cornea and iris |
| aqueous humor | watery liquid |
| conjunctiva | mucous membrane that lines eye |
| cornea | transparent anterior part of eye |
| iris | colored part of the eye (contracts and dilates) |
| lacrimal gland | tear gland in upper eye |
| lens | transparent structure behind pupil that bends light |
| optic nerve | carries impulses from retina to brain |
| posterior chamber | space between back of iris and vitreous chamber |
| pupil | circular opening in iris (appears black) |
| retina | innermost layer of eye which detects light |
| vitreous | jelly like mass filling the inner chamber of the eye |
| diplopia | double vision |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of eyeball |
| lacrimation | secretion of tears |
| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to light |
| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by misshapen lens |
| hyperopia | farsightedness (difficulty seeing close objects) |
| myopia | nearsightedness (difficulty seeing far objects) |
| presbyopia | impaired vision due to old age |
| cataract | opaque clouding of lens |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of conjunctive |
| glaucoma | diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the eye |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| strabismus | eye misalignment (crossed eyes) |
| scleritis | inflammation of the sclera |
| distance visual acuity | ability to clearly see objects from a set distance (usually 20’) |
| ophthalmoscopy | use of an ophthalmoscope to see eye interior |
| tonometry | use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure |
| cataract extraction | excision of a cloud lens from eye |
| keratoplasty | cornea |
| IOL implant | implantation of an artificial lens |
| sclera | tough, fibrous white outer coat |
| eye instillation | introduction of medicated solution to eye |
| eye irrigation | washing eye with water |
| antibiotic ophthalmic solution | antimicrobial agent use to treat eyes |
| mydriatic | agent that causes dilation of the pupil |
| miotic | agent that causes pupil to contract |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain) |
| crani/o | skull |
| encephal/o | entire brain |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| gli/o | glue |
| gnos/o | knowing |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| mening/o | meninges (membrane) |
| meningi/o | meninges (membrane) |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| narc/o | stupor or sleep |
| neur/o | nerve |
| phas/o | speech |
| phob/o | exaggerated fear or sensitivity |
| phren/o | mind |
| psych/o | mind |
| schiz/o | split |
| somat/o | body |
| somn/o | sleep |
| somn/i | sleep |
| spin/o | spine (thorn) |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stere/o | three-dimensional or solid |
| ton/o | ton or tension |
| tax/o | order or coordination |
| top/o | place |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch) |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| craniectomy | excision of part of the skull to approach the brain |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull to approach the brain |
| neuroplasty | surgical repair of a nerve |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| radiation therapy | treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to impede the proliferation of malignant cells |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| anticonvulsant | drug that prevents or lessens convulsions |
| antidepressant | drug that counteracts depression |
| sedative | drug that has a calming effect and quiets nervousness |
| hypnotic | drug that induces sleep |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| -plegia | full paralysis |
| central nervous system (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| brain | portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium |
| cerebrum | largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones the underlie |
| cerebellum | portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles |
| spinal cord | column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body. |
| meninges | three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain |
| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
| aphasia | impairment of understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs because of a stroke, head trauma, or disease |
| dysphasia | impairment in speech production and inability to arrange words in an understandable way |
| neuralgia | pain along the course of a nerve |
| paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of motor control |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body |
| syncope | fainting |
| cerebral aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm |
| cerebral thrombosis | presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain |
| cerebrovascular accident | (CVA) damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke); also called a stroke |
| stroke | damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain because of developmental problems, infection, injury, or tumor |
| meningioma | benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges) |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by a sudden uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations) |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
| electroencephalogram | (EEG) record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain measured as alpha, beta, delta, and theta waves; used to identify neurologic conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | introduction of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as to obtain CSF for testing; also called a spinal tap |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | non-ionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio frequency waves to visualize anatomic structures (especially soft tissue), such as tissues of the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebral embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus (blood clot, air bubble, or fat deposit in a blood vessel) transported through the circulation |
| cerebral angiogram | x-ray of blood vessels in the brain after intra-carotid injection of contrast medium |
| anorexia nervosa | a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions of one’s body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal |
| ankyl/o | crooked or stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| brachi/o | arm |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| dactyl/o | digit (finger or toe) |
| femor/o | femur (thigh) |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| lumb/o | lower back |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| my/o | muscle |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | knee cap |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| spondyl/o | vertebra/spine |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| anatomical position | a term of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions: person is assumed to be standing upright , facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward |
| coronal or frontal plane | divides body into front and back |
| sagittal plane | divides body into left and right |
| transverse plane | divides body into bottom and top |
| anterior | forward (in front of) |
| posterior | backward (behind) |
| myoma | non-cancerous tumor |
| superior | upward (above) |
| inferior | downward (below) |
| proximal | near the body core (closer to origin) |
| distal | away from body core (further from origin) |
| medial | toward the middle |
| lateral | toward the right or left (away from middle) |
| erect | standing upright |
| decubitus | lying bed |
| prone | lying face down |
| recumbent | lying down |
| supine | lying face up |
| flexion | closing a joint (decreasing the angle) |
| extension | straightening of a joint (increasing the angle) |
| abduction | move limb away from midline |
| adduction | move limb toward the midline |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis |
| eversion | turning upward |
| inversion | turning inward |
| supination | turning palm upward |
| pronation | turning the palm downward |
| dorsiflexion | bending foot/toes up |
| plantar flexion | pointing sole/toes down |
| range of motion | how well a person can move |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| atrophy | shrinking of size |
| flaccid | flabby, relaxed, having little muscle tone |
| hypertrophy | increase in the size |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| ostealgia | bone pain |
| rigor or rigidity | stiffness of a muscle |
| spastic | uncontrolled contractions |
| tetany | prolonged tension/contraction |
| tremor | a shaking, rhythmic movement |
| ankylosis | stiffness of the joints |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| bony necrosis | bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture (sequestrum |
| bursitis | inflammation of the fluid sacs around joints |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| fracture | broken or cracked bone |
| myeloma | tumor of bone marrow |
| osteoma | tumor of the bone |
| osteosarcoma | specific type of malignant bone tumor |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and marrow |
| osteoporosis | increased bone density |
| spinal curvatures | curvatures of the spine (backbone) or spinal column (vertebral column) |
| kyphosis | concave thoracic spinal curvature (hump back) |
| lordosis | convex lumbar spinal curvature |
| scoliosis | abnormal “S” shaped curve |
| spondylosis | stiff, immobile vertebrae |
| sprain | injury to a ligament with no joint dislocation |
| subluxation | partial dislocation |
| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| electromyogram | a graph of muscle electrical activity |
| bone scan | radionuclide image of bone tissue |
| arthrogram | radiograph of a joint, after contrast injection |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint to analyze fluid |
| arthrodesis | fusing together bones of a joint |
| arthroscopy | procedure to examine a joint problem |
| myoplasty | repair of muscle |
| osteotomy | incision into a bone |
| osteoplasty | repair of a bone |
| spondylosyndesis | spinal fusion |
| closed reduction | fracture fix which does not require opening a wound |
| casting | stiff dressing to hold bone during healing |
| splinting | rigid devise to immobilize a joint during healing |
| traction | pulling force to keep a bone in position |
| orthosis | straightening device |
| prosthesis | artificial replacement |
| analgesic | a general pain relief drug |
| narcotic | very potent analgesic |
| adip/o | fat |
| lip/o | fat |
| steat/o | fat |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| cutane/o | skin |
| erythr/o | red |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hist/o | tissue |
| histi/o | tissue |
| kerat/o | hard |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| plas/o | formation |
| purpur/o | purple |
| scler/o | hard |
| seb/o | sebum (oil) |
| squam/o | scale |
| trich/o | hair |
| xer/o | dry |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| alopecia | baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair |
| erythema | redness of skin |
| pruritus | severe itching |
| albinism | a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair) |
| depigmentation | loss of melanin pigment in the skin |
| hypopigmentation | areas of skin lacking color because of deficient amounts of melanin |
| hyperpigmentation | darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin |
| suppuration | production of purulent matter (pus) |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| acne | inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by the comedones (blackheads), pustules, or nodules on the skin |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus (itching), and various lesions |
| dermatosis | any disorder of the skin |
| eczema | generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin characterized by inflamed, swollen papules, and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning |
| furuncle | a painful nodule originating deep in a hair follicle often caused by Staphylococcus aureus; also called a boil |
| carbuncle | a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles |
| abscess | a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues, which heals when drained or excised (abscessus |
| gangrene | tissue death associated with loss of blood supply |
| subcutaneous | connective and adipose tissue layer just deep to (under) the dermis |
| dysplasia | abnormal cell growth and differentiation in a tissue or organ (could precede cancer) |
| impetigo | a highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted, most often around the mouth and nostrils |
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm | skin cancer |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm oof the stratified squamous epithelium |
| basal cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the stratum basale of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer |
| melanoma | malignant neoplasm composed of melanocytes |
| seborrhea | a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of the sebum from the sebaceous glands |
| biopsy | (Bx) removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination |
| culture and sensitivity | (C&S) a technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating the infection it has caused. |
| chemosurgery | removal of tissues after it has been destroyed by chemical means |
| chemical peel | a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by applying an acid solution to “peel” away the top layers of the skin |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by freezing with application of an extremely cold chemical (e.g., liquid nitrogen) |
| dermabrasion | surgical removal of epidermis frozen by aerosol spray using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles. |
| debridement | removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and to prevent infection |
| curettage | cleaning; scraping a would using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; used for debridement |
| verruca | an epidermal growth caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart |
| wheal | an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g., a hive) |
| incision and drainage | (I&D) incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion (e.g., an abscess) |
| skin grafting | transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin that has been lost through a burn or injury. |
| autograft | graft transfer to a new position in the body of the same person (auto |
| heterograft | (or xenograft) graft transfer between different species, such as from animal to human (hetero |
| homograft | graft transfer between persons of the same species, such as human to human (homo |
| allograft | graft transfer between persons of the same species, such as human to human (home |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| ultraviolet therapy | use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion (e.g., an ulcer) |
| anesthetic | a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce loss of sensations (e.g., pain) |
| antibiotic | a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
| antifungal | a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi |
| antihistamine | a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that reduces inflammation (swelling) |
| antipruritic | a drug that relieves itching |
| antiseptic | an agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms |
| fissure | a linear crack in the skin |
| keratosis (keratoses pl.) | thickened areas of epidermis |
| radiation therapy | treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells |
| paronychia | inflammation of the nail fold |
| desquamation | peeling skin, or the shedding of dead skin cells from the outermost layer of the skin (not caused by underlying condition) |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 | infection caused by herpes virus marked by the eruption of vesicles (cold sores or fever blisters) around the mouth and nose |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 | sexually transmitted,, ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nervous system and may recur at times of illness or stress. |
| a- | without |
| an- | without |
| anti- | against or opposed to |
| de- | from, down, or not |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | to, toward, or near |
| peri- | around |
| dia- | across, through |
| e- | out or away |
| ex- | out or away |
| ecto- | outside |
| extra- | outside |
| endo- | within |
| intra- | within |
| inter- | between |
| meso- | middle |
| meta- | beyond, after, or change |
| para- | alongside of, abnormal |
| retro- | backward or behind |
| sub- | below or under |
| bi- | two or both |
| hemi- | half |
| hyper- | excessive |
| hypo- | below or deficient |
| macro- | large or long |
| micro- | small |
| mono- | one |
| oligo- | few or deficient |
| pan- | all |
| poly- | many |
| quadri- | four |
| tri- | three |
| supra- | above or excessive |
| ante- | before |
| pre- | before |
| brady- | slow |
| tachy- | fast |
| post- | after or behind |
| pre- | before |
| re- | again or back |
| con- | together or with |
| syn- | together or with |
| dys- | painful, difficult, or faulty |
| eu- | good or normal |
| neo- | new |
| -algia | pain |
| -lysis | breaking down or dissolution |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -penia | abnormal reduction |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction |
| -cele | pouching or hernia |
| -ectasis | expansion or dilation |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -iasis | formation or presence of |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -malacia | softening |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | condition or increase |
| -ptosis | falling or downward displacement |
| -rrhagia | excessive discharge (usually blood) |
| -rrhexis | below or under |
| -ectomy | excision (removal) |
| -plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| scler/o | hard |
| -tomy | incision |
| -stomy | creation of an opening |
| -ia | condition of |
| -ism | condition of |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -ule | small |
| -gram | record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -scopy | process of examination |
| -stasis | stop or stand |
| aer/o | air, gas |
| hem/o | blood |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| gen/o | origin or production |
| gynec/o | woman |
| lith/o | stone |
| morph/o | form |
| necr/o | death |
| onco/o | tumor or mass |
| orth/o | straight, normal, or correct |
| path/o | disease |
| ped/o | child or foot |
| phag/o | eat or swallow |
| phas/o | speech |
| phob/o | exaggerated fear or sensitivity |
| plas/o | formation |
| psych/o | mind |
| son/o | sound |
| sten/o | narrow |
| A | assessment |
| BP | blood pressure |
| c | with |
| c/o | complains of |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| FH | family history |
| HEENT | head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat |
| H&P | history and physical |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| ↑ | increased |
| ↓ | decreased |
| CC | chief complaint |
| NKDA | no known allergies, no known drug allergies |
| L&W | living and well |
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