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HSII Chpt 3. MT
Chapter 3: Gastroenterology Medical Terms
| abdomin/o- | abdomen |
| absorpt/o- | absorb; take in |
| aden/o- | gland |
| adhes/o- | to stick to |
| aliment/o- | food; nourishment |
| amyl/o- | starch |
| anastom/o- | create an opening between two structures |
| an/o- | anus |
| aphth/o- | ulcer |
| append/o- | appendix |
| appendic/o- | appendix |
| ascit/o- | ascites |
| bili/o- | bile; gall |
| bi/o- | life; living organisms; living tissue |
| cancer/o- | cancer |
| carcin/o- | cancer |
| cec/o- | cecum |
| celi/o- | abdomen |
| cellul/o- | cell |
| cheil/o- | lip |
| chez/o- | to pass feces |
| chlor/o- | chloride |
| cholangi/o- | bile duct |
| chol/e- | bile; gall |
| cholecyst/o- | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o- | common bile duct |
| cirrh/o- | yellow |
| col/o- | colon |
| colon/o- | colon |
| constip/o- | compacted feces |
| contin/o- | hold together |
| degluti/o- | swallowing |
| digest/o- | break down food; digest |
| diverticul/o- | diverticulum |
| duoden/o- | duodenum |
| emet/o- | to vomit |
| emulsific/o- | droplets of fat suspended in a liquid |
| enter/o- | intestine |
| esophag/o- | esophagus |
| fec/a- | feces; stool |
| fec/o- | feces; stool |
| flatul/o- | flatus (gas) |
| gastr/o- | stomach |
| gloss/o- | tongue |
| gustat/o- | the sense of taste |
| hemat/o- | blood |
| hemorrh/o- | a flowing of blood |
| hemorrhoid/o- | hemorrhoid |
| hepat/o- | liver |
| herni/o- | hernia |
| hiat/o- | gap; opening |
| hydr/o- | water; fluid |
| incis/o- | to cut into |
| infect/o- | disease within |
| inguin/o- | groin |
| mandibul/o- | mandible (lower jaw) |
| ile/o- | ileum |
| intestine/o- | intestine |
| intussuscep/o- | to receive within |
| jaund/o- | yellow |
| jejun/o- | jejunum |
| kin/o- | movement |
| lact/o- | milk |
| lapar/o- | abdomen |
| lingu/o- | tongue |
| lith/o- | stone |
| lip/o- | lipid (fat) |
| log/o- | word; the study of |
| magnet/o- | magnet |
| mastic/o- | chewing |
| nas/o- | nose |
| obstip/o- | severe constipation |
| obstruct/o- | blocked by a barrier |
| omphal/o- | umbilicus; navel |
| operat/o- | perform a procedure; surgery |
| orex/o- | appetite |
| or/o- | mouth |
| ot/o- | ear |
| pancreat/o- | pancreas |
| pelv/o- | pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis) |
| pepsin/o- | pepsin |
| peps/o- | digestion |
| pept/o- | digestion |
| perfor/o- | to have an opening |
| peritone/o- | peritoneum |
| periton/o- | peritoneum |
| phag/o- | eating; swallowing |
| pharyng/o- | pharynx (throat) |
| polyp/o- | polyp |
| proct/o- | rectum |
| pyr/o- | fire; burning |
| pylor/o- | pylorus |
| rect/o- | rectum |
| regurgitat/o- | flow backward |
| resect/o- | to cut out; remove |
| rotat/o- | rotate |
| rub/o- | red |
| saliv/o- | saliva |
| scop/o- | examine with an instrument |
| sial/o- | saliva; salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o- | sigmoid colon |
| son/o- | sound |
| spast/o- | spasm |
| splen/o- | spleen |
| stal/o- | contraction |
| steat/o- | fat |
| stomat/o- | mouth |
| tom/o- | cut; slice; layer |
| transplant/o- | move something to another place |
| ulcerat/o- | ulcer |
| umbilic/o- | umbilicus; navel |
| ventr/o- | front; abdomen |
| vir/o- | virus |
| -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ive | pertaining to |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -ate | composed of; pertaining to |
| -ated | pertaining to a condition, composed of |
| -ation | a process: being or having |
| -cele | hernia |
| -centesis | procedure to puncture |
| -cyte | cell |
| -ectomy | surgical excision |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -ence | state of |
| -entery | condition of the intestine |
| -gen | that which produces |
| -grade | pertaining to going |
| -gram | a record or picture |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -ia | condition; state; thing |
| -iasis | state of; process of |
| -ice | state; quality |
| -id | resembling; source or origin |
| -in | a substance |
| -ion | action; condition |
| -ist | one who specializes in |
| -itis | inflammation of; infection of |
| -ix | a thing |
| -lith | stone |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor; mass |
| -opsy | process of viewing |
| -ory | having the function of |
| -osis | condition; abnormal condition; process |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -pathy | disease; suffering |
| -plasty | process of reshaping by surgery |
| -post | after; behind |
| -rrhaphy | procedure of suturing |
| -rrhea | flow; discharge |
| -scope | instrument used to examine |
| -scopy | process of using an instrument to examine |
| -sis | process; condition; abnormal condition |
| -stomy | surgically created opening |
| -tion | a process; being or having |
| -tomy | process of cutting or making an incision |
| an- | without; not |
| anti- | against |
| de- | reversal of; without |
| dia- | complete; completely through |
| dys- | painful; difficult; abnormal |
| endo- | innermost; within |
| hyper- | above; more than normal |
| im- | not |
| in- | in; within |
| intra- | within |
| mal- | bad; inadequate |
| meso- | middle |
| par- | beside |
| peri- | around |
| poly- | many; much |
| retro- | behind; backward |
| sub- | below; underneath; less than |
| trans- | across; through |
| albumin | the major protein molecule in the blood |
| anus | the external opening of the rectum |
| benign | non-cancerous |
| bile | a yellow-green |
| bile duct | ducts which transport bile from the liver to the duodenum |
| bilirubin | the yellow pigment in bile |
| biliverdin | the green pigment in bile |
| cardia | small area where the esophagus enters the stomach |
| cecum | a short sac-like portion of the large intestine |
| crohn | a type of inflammatory bowel disease |
| chyme | partially digested food |
| colon | the longest part of the large intestine |
| delta | the fourth letter of the greek alphabet (Δ |
| diverticulum | weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube. |
| diverticula | plural of diverticulum |
| duodenum | a 10-inch C-shaped segment beginning at the stomach and ending after the jejunum |
| elimination | undigested materials and water are eliminated from the body in a solid waste form |
| emesis | the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth |
| enema | liquid instilled into the rectum and colon |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body |
| esophagus | a flexible |
| feces | (also stool) formed |
| flatus | gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine |
| fundus | rounded |
| gallbladder | a teardrop-shaped |
| gluten | a mixture of insoluble plant proteins occurring in cereal grains |
| gravidarum | pregnancy |
| haustra | pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expand to accommodate the bulk of undigested materials |
| hernia | weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or abdominal wall. The intestine bulges through the defect. |
| ileum | a 12-foot segment of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients is completed |
| ileus | abnormal absence of peristalsis in the small and large intestines |
| incarcer/o- | to imprison |
| intestine | the lower part of the alimentary canal |
| jejunum | the 8-foot |
| liver | a large |
| lumen | open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus |
| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum which supports the stomach and hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and protect the small intestine |
| meconium | a thick |
| melena | dark |
| mesentery | a thick fan-shaped extension of the peritoneum |
| mucosa | mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus |
| nausea | an unpleasant |
| pancreas | a yellow |
| palate | the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth |
| patent | open |
| pedunculated | having a thin stalk that supports an irregular |
| peritoneum | a double-layer serous membrane |
| pharynx | the passageway for food as well as inhaled and exhaled air |
| polyp | small |
| pylorus | one of four regions of the stomach |
| rectum | a short, straight segment of colon that connects to the outside of the body |
| reflux | a flowing back; regurgitation |
| rugae | thick, deep folds of gastric mucosa that expand as the stomach fills with food |
| saliva | a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed |
| serum | the fluid portion of the blood (without the cells and clotting factors) |
| sessile | a mound with a broad base |
| sigmoid | the last portion of the colon which bends toward the midline and joins the rectum |
| stool | (also feces) a solid waste form of undigested materials and water |
| sphincter | a muscular ring |
| stoma | an artificial permanent opening especially in the abdominal wall made in surgical procedures |
| ulcer | erosion of tissue |
| uvula | fleshy hanging part of soft palate |
| varix | varices |
| villi | small |
| vomitus | (also vomit) expelled food or chyme |
| a.c. | before meals (Latin, ante cibum) |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCl | hydrochloric acid |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| NG | nasogastric |
| NPO (n.p.o.) | nothing by mouth (Latin, nil per os) |
| p.c. | after meals (Latin, post cibum) |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
Created by:
Tea Lad
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