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Mesopotamia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hunter-gathers | people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruit, and nuts to survive |
| Mesopotamia | land between two rivers |
| fertile crescent | an area of rich fertile farmlands in Southwest Asia where the first civilization began |
| silt | a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming |
| irrigation | the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channel |
| surplus | more of something than what is needed |
| division of labor | type of arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job |
| Sargon | Akkadian Emperor who was one of the first rulers to have permanent army |
| empire | land with different territories and peoples under a single rule |
| rural | countryside areas |
| city-state | an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory |
| Gilgamesh | one of the Uruk's kings who became a figure in sumerian literature; "The Epic Gilgamesh" |
| cuneiform | the Mesopotamian system of writing that uses triangular-shaped symbols to stand for ideas or things |
| pictographs | picture symbols |
| scribe | a writer |
| polytheism | the worship of many gods or deities |
| priest | people who performed religious ceremonies |
| social classes/hierarchy | the division of society by rank or class |
| impact | effect, result |
| epics | long poems that tell the story of heroes |
| architecture | the science of building |
| ziggurat | a brick pyramid-shaped Mesopotamia temple |
| theocracy | a system of government in which priest rule in the name of God or a god |
| monarchy | a form of government with a king ruling or in charge |
| Hammurabi's code | a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life |
| stele | a grand stone pillar (example- Hammurabi and his code of law) |
| chariot | a wheeled horse drawn cart used in battle |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean King who rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city with hanging gardens |
| alphabet | a set of letters that can be combined to form words |
| role | a part or function |
| characteristics of civilization | 1. advanced cities 2. division of labor 3. organized government 4. complex religion 5. social classes 6. art & architecture 7. public works 8. system of writing |
| public works | roads, reservoirs, sewer systems, city walls |
| Tigris and Euphrates | rivers in Mesopotamia that provided food and water |
| Sumerian inventions | wheel, 360 circle, writing |
| Sumeria, Turkey, Iraq | current day countries forming Mesopotamia |
| Hammurabi | king of Babylon |
| Hammurabi's code | the first written system of laws for the people |
| Sumerian | first civilization to settle in Mesopotamia |
| taxes | money that you pay to the government so that it can provide services |
| Babylon | city located on the Euphrates River near what is today Baghdad, Iraq |
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