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Mesopotamia Vocab
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruit, and nuts to survive | Hunter-gatherers |
| land between two rivers | Mesopotamia |
| an area of rich fertile farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilization began | Fertile Crescent |
| a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming | Silt |
| the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels | Irrigation |
| more of something than what is needed | Surplus |
| type of arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job | Division of Labor |
| Akkadian Emperor who was one of the first rulers to have a permanent army | Sargon |
| land with different territories and peoples under a single rule | Empire |
| countryside areas | Rural |
| an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory | City-state |
| one of the Uruk's kings who became a figure in Sumerian literature; "The Epic of Gilgamesh" | Gilgamesh |
| the Mesopotamian system of writing that uses triangular-shaped symbols to stand for ideas or things | Cuneiform |
| picture symbols | Pictographs |
| a writer | Scribe |
| the worship of many gods or deities | Polytheism |
| people who performed religious ceremonies | Priest |
| the division of society by rank or class | Social classes/hierarchy |
| effect, result | Impact |
| long poen that tells the story of heroes | Epics |
| The science of building | Architecture |
| a brick, pyramid-shaped Mesopotamian temple | Ziggurat |
| a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god | Theocracy |
| a form of government with a king or queen ruling or in charge | Monarchy |
| a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life | Hammurabi's Code |
| a grand stone pillar (example- Hammurabi and his code of law) | Stele |
| a wheeled horse drawn cart used in battle | Chariot |
| Chaldean King who rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city with hanging gardens | Nebuchadnezzar |
| a set of letters that can be combined to form words | Alphabet |
| a part or function | Role |
| Food surpluses led to larger populations. As the population grew, villages transformed into thriving cities | Advanced Cities |
| Governments were established to organize people, coordinate large-scale projects, and regulate the food surplus. Governments also created laws, collected taxes, and oversaw the military | Organized Government |
| Most ancient people were polytheistic. Civilizations created complex rituals to worship and gain the favor of their gods. They built temples, had priests who oversaw their religious life, prayed, and offered sacrifices to their gods. | Complex Religion |
| The art and architecture of ancient civilizations expressed their beliefs and values and showcased their artistic and technological skills. | Art and Architecture |
| Public works were projects financed by the government that benefited the people. Examples of public works for ancient civilizations include roads, canals, and defensive walls | Public Works |
| Writing systems developed in various parts of the world at different times. The earliest forms of writing were pictograms or pictographs. Writing was used to record farming, laws, and documents. Scribes became more powerful. | System of Writing |
| plants considered collectively, especially those found in a particular area or habitat | Vegetation |
| the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area | Topography |
| the action of buying and selling goods and services | Trade |
| money that you pay to the government so that it can provide services | Taxes |
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