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Anatomy & Physiology
Module 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structural Organization of the Body | Human body is organized into structural and functional levels of increasing complexity. |
| Levels of Organization | Each higher level incorporates the structures and functions of the previous level. 1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. System Level 6. Organism |
| Chemical | All living matter is derived from chemicals which included atoms; the smallest unit of matter) and molecules. |
| Cellular | The cell is the basic unit of life, each of many types of cells found within the human body is made of chemicals and carries out specific chemical reactions |
| Tissue | A group of cells with similar structure & function |
| Organs | Organ is a group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish a specific function. Some of these organs are kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, etc. |
| Organ System | An organ system is a group of organs contributing to a particular function. |
| Organism | All of the systems make up the individual person or organism |
| All of these levels function together to keep us alive and maintaining _______________ | Homeostasis |
| Homeostasis | Helps the body maintain stable internal environment. |
| Homeostasis works through _____________ | Feedback mechanisms |
| Feedback | Without this, homeostasis can't occur. This means an organism loses the ability to self-regulate its body. |
| Negative Feedback Loops | Works against the change occurring in the body |
| Example of Negative Feedback | Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin or regulation of body temperature. |
| Positive Feedback Loops | Works with the change occurring in the body |
| Example of Positive Feedback | Uterine contractions during birth, blood clotting. |
| Feedback Systems Main Goal | To restore or maintain homeostasis, but in different ways. |
| The two major body cavities | Ventral (front) cavity Doral (back) cavity |
| Ventral Body Cavity (further divided into two main cavities, which are separated by the diaphragm) | 1. Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic |
| Thoracic | a. Mediastinum -Midportion of the thoracic cavity -Heart and respiratory structures are located here b. Pleural -Right lung (right pleural cavity -Left lung (left pleural cavity) |
| Abdominopelvic | a. Abdominal -Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen are located here. b. Pelvic -Reproductive, urinary bladder and tlowest part of the intestine are located here |
| Abdominopelvic quadrants | 4 Quadrants: Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrat |
| Abdominopelvic regions | 9 Regions: 9 Regions: Right hypochondriac, right lumbar (flank, right iliac (inguinal), epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric (pubic), left hypochondriac, left lumbar (flank), left iliac (inguinal) |
| Dorsal Body Cavity (further divided into two main cavities) | 1. Cranial 2. Spinal |
| Cranial | The brain and space inside the skull are located here |
| Spinal | The spine and space within the spinal column are located here |
Created by:
CherryBombs1500
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